OSCR

Differential adolescent neurodevelopment of emotion processing across internalizing psychopathology and childhood adversity.

Code ↔ Paper

8 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 8 matches
  1. [1] § Methods and materials › Statistical analysis ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Adversity-Analysis.R, lines 1–44 · score 0.83 · linear mixed, potential moderating, psychopathology severity, SLES score, CBCL YSR, adversity exposure
  2. [2] § Methods and materials › Statistical analysis ↔ KarpovEtAll2025/LinearMixedEffects_Analysis.R, lines 1–39 · score 0.81 · linear mixed, CBCL YSR, dependent variables, adversity exposure, Likelihood, symptoms
  3. [3] § Methods and materials › Statistical analysis ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Group-Analysis.R, lines 1–39 · score 0.72 · linear mixed, youngest participant, affective rating, task instruction, accuracy, neutral stimuli
  4. [4] § Methods and materials › Clinical and behavioral assessments ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Adversity-Analysis.R, lines 1–44 · score 0.70 · Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL YSR, adversity exposure, severity, psychopathology, youth
  5. [5] § Methods and materials › Emotion regulation tasks ↔ KarpovEtAll2025/LinearMixedEffects_Analysis.R, lines 1–39 · score 0.68 · emotionally disengage, emotionally engage, emotion regulation, Picture, stimulus valence, neutral
  6. [6] § Results › Group differences during the explicit emotion regulation task › Differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Decomp-Analysis.R, lines 1–78 · score 0.64 · left Rolandic Operculum, left dorsal anterior, way interaction, S3, task instructions, insula
  7. [7] § Results › Group differences during the explicit emotion regulation task › Differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Adversity-Analysis.R, lines 179–231 · score 0.60 · left Rolandic Operculum, left dorsal anterior, way interaction, insula, Schaefer, instruction
  8. [8] § Results › Group differences during the explicit emotion regulation task › Behavior ↔ KarpovEtAl2026/LinearMixedEffects_Group-Analysis.R, lines 1–39 · score 0.54 · internalizing disorders, Affective rating, negative neutral, task instruction, brain, Atlas

Paper

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The authors' code

R · 232 lines · 8.7 KB · no license · 3 matches

  1. # ---- LinearMixedEffects_Adversity-Analysis.R ----
  2. #
  3. # Statistical analysis script used in:
  4. # (Final Citation here)
  5. #
  6. # Exploratory analysis investigating the potential moderating effect of adversity in youth with internalizing disorders (ID group)
  7. # Requires MPlus.
  8. #
  9. # General Model:
  10. # ROI parameter estimate (negative - neutral) ~ Adversity Exposure * Age * Task Instruction +
  11. # Psychopathology Severity + Sex + (1|Subject)
  12. #
  13. # The exact model differs based on what effects were significant in the group analysis,
  14. # such that only the most complex significant group interaction was tested.
  15. #
  16. # Variables:
  17. # 1. Adversity Exposure = mean-centered SLES scores
  18. # SLES: Stressful Life Events Schedule (Williamson et al., 2003)
  19. # 2. Age = Age in years, zero centered around the youngest participant
  20. # 3. Task Instruction =
  21. # EN-Back: 0-Back, 2-Back
  22. # Perspective: Close, Far
  23. # 4. Psychopathology Severity = mean-centered CBCL-YSR total score
  24. # CBCL-YSR: Child Behavior Checklist – Youth Self Report (Achenbach, 1999)
  25. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  26. # Exact Models:
  27. # 1) For ROIs with only a Group main effect (no interactions with group):
  28. # -> ROI (neg-neut) ~ Adversity + Instruction + Age + Psychopathology Severity + Sex + (1|Subject)
  29. # 2) For ROIs with a significant 3-way interaction of Group:Instruction:Age
  30. # -> ROI (neg-neut) ~ Adversity*Instruction*Age + Psychopathology Severity + Sex + (1|Subject)
  32. #============================================================================#
  33. # 1. Import Libraries ----
  34. library(MplusAutomation)
  35. library(readxl)
  36. library(stringr)
  37. library(dplyr)
  38. library(utils)
  39. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  40. # 2. Set Variables ----
  41. xCBCL = 59.06
  42. xSLES = 45.76
  43. # Means taken from entire ID sample, averaged across both sessions 1&2
  44. # Including subjects that were not used in fMRI analyses.
  46. # Script Inputs
  47. dataDIR = "path_to_ROI_data"
  48. mplusDIR = "path_to_save_Mplus_outputs"
  50. # Schaefer labels of ROIs with a Group Main effect
  51. perspectiveROIs = c(134,167,186,185,353,86,170, 324, 314,308, 147, 183, 317, 316,
  52. 113,189,115, 391, 98, 345,358,104,303, 89, 102, 103,101,99)
  53. enbackROIs = c(143, 347, 311, 107, 314, 350, 141, 307, 175, 318, 317)
  55. #preallocate final matrix
  56. allGroupModels <- data.frame(paramHeader=character(),
  57. param=character(),
  58. est=character(),
  59. se=numeric(),
  60. est_se=numeric(),
  61. pval=numeric(),
  62. BeetweenWithin=character(),
  63. CI95=character(),
  64. pval=numeric(),
  65. pval2 =numeric(),
  66. psig=character(),
  67. task=character(),
  68. stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
  70. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  72. # 3. Statistical Modelling ----
  74. ## 3.1. Main Effect of Adversity ----
  75. # Model: ROI (neg-neut) ~ Adversity + Instruction + Age + Psychopathology Severity + Sex + (1|Subject)
  76. #
  77. # See Tables 2 & 3 in the manuscript for a list of the ROIs analysed here,
  78. # for the EN-Back and Perspective tasks, respectively
  79. #
  80. # This model was also used for Behavior (EN-Back accuracy, Perspective affective rating)
  82. #Loop through tasks
  83. for (task in c("Perspective", "EN-Back")){
  85. if (task == "Perspective"){
  86. roiList = perspectiveROIs
  87. }
  88. else if (task == "EN-Back"){
  89. roiList = enbackROIs
  90. }
  92. ## Looping through ROIs
  93. for (roi in roiList){
  95. ### 3.1.1. Prep Data ----
  96. ## Read in data
  97. rawData = read_excel(paste(dataDIR,"ROI-", as.character(roi), "_task-", task, ".xlsx", sep=''))
  98. nameOfROI = as.character(roi)
  100. ## Keep only ID youth, remove CG subjects
  101. idData = subset(rawData, Group == "ID")
  103. ## Mean-center questionnaire scores
  104. idData$CBCL = idData$CBCL - xCBCL
  105. idData$SLES = idData$SLES - xSLES
  107. ## Center age around the youngest participant
  108. idData$Age = idData$Age - min(idData$Age)
  110. ## Calculate difference in ROI activity
  111. # roiD = ROI difference (negative - neutral)
  112. roiData = idData %>% group_by(SubID, Session, Instruction) %>%
  113. summarize(roiD = Beta[Stim == "Negative"] - Beta[Stim == "Neutral"],
  114. Sex = unique(Sex), Age = unique(Age),
  115. CBCL = unique(CBCL), SLES = unique(SLES))
  118. ## Dummy Coding
  119. #Sex
  120. roiData$Sex[roiData$Sex == "Female"] = 0
  121. roiData$Sex[roiData$Sex == "Male"] = 1
  122. # Task Instruction
  123. if (task == "Perspective"){
  124. roiData$Intruction[roiData$Intruction == "Close"] = 0
  125. roiData$Intruction[roiData$Intruction == "Far"] = 1
  126. }
  127. else if (task == "EN-Back"){
  128. roiData$Intruction[roiData$Intruction == "0-Back"] = 0
  129. roiData$Intruction[roiData$Intruction == "2-Back"] = 1
  130. }
  132. # Format data, grab only necessary subset of data for the model
  133. roiData = subset(roiData, select=c("SubID", "roiD", "Instruction", "Sex", "Age", "CBCL", "SLES"))
  134. colnames(roiData) = c("Sub", "roiD", "Ins", "Sex", "Age", "CBCL", "SLES")
  136. # Mark missing data for MPlus
  137. # For subjects missing CBCL and/or SLES scores
  138. roiData[is.na(roiData)] = -999.00
  140. ## 3.1.2. MPlus Model ----
  141. # roiD ~ SLES + Instr + Age + CBCL + Sex + (1|Subject)
  143. modelGROUP = mplusObject(
  144. TITLE = "RoiDiff Adversity-MainEffect;",
  145. VARIABLE ="USEVARIABLES= SubID roiD Ins Sex Age CBCL SLES;
  146. WITHIN = Ins CBCL SLES Age;
  147. BETWEEN = Sex;
  148. CLUSTER = SubID;
  149. MISSING = ALL (-999.00);",
  150. ANALYSIS ="TYPE = TWOLEVEL;
  151. ESTIMATOR = MLR;",
  152. MODEL = "
  153. %WITHIN%
  154. roiD ON Stim Ins CBCL SLES Age
  155. ;
  156. CBCL SLES;
  157. %BETWEEN%
  158. roiD ON Sex;",
  159. OUTPUT = "STANDARDIZED CINTERVAL;",
  160. rdata = roiData)
  162. mplusOutName = paste(mplusDIR, task,"-", nameOfROI, ".inp", sep='')
  164. ## Run Model
  165. fits = mplusModeler(modelMplus, modelout = mplusOutName, run = 1L)
  167. ## 3.1.3. Extract parameters ----
  168. ci = fits$results$parameters$ci.stdyx.standardized # extract standardized (STDYX) parameters
  169. cleanCI = subset(ci, paramHeader == "ROID.ON")
  170. listCI = paste(cleanCI$low2.5, cleanCI$up2.5, sep=", ") #extract 95% confidence interval, upper and lower 2.5%
  171. params = fits$results$parameters$stdyx.standardized
  172. cleanParams = subset(params, paramHeader == "ROID.ON")
  173. cleanParams$paramHeader = nameOfROI
  174. cleanParams$CI95 = listCI
  175. cleanParams$pval2 = 2*pnorm(-abs(cleanParams$est_se)) # get more decimal places on the pval,
  176. # because MPLUS only provides up to 3 decimal places
  177. # where anything < .001 is marked as 0.000
  179. # Mark significant effects
  180. cleanParams$psig[cleanParams$pval2 < 0.05] = "*"
  181. cleanParams$psig[cleanParams$pval2 < 0.01] = "**"
  182. cleanParams$psig[cleanParams$pval2 < 0.001] = "***"
  183. cleanParams$task = task
  185. allModels = rbind(allModels, cleanParams)
  187. } #end looping through ROIs
  188. } #end looping through tasks
  190. #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  191. ## 3.2. Adversity 3-way Interaction ----
  192. # ROI (neg-neut) ~ Adversity*Instruction*Age + Psychopathology Severity + Sex + (1|Subject)
  193. #
  194. # EN-Back ROI: The left ventral anterior insula (Schaefer 143)
  195. # Perspective ROIs: left dorsal anterior insula (Schaefer 101) and left Rolandic Operculum (Schaefer 104)
  198. ### 3.2.1. Prep Data ----
  199. # Same as 3.1.1.
  201. ### 3.2.2. MPlus Model ----
  202. # roiD ~ SLES*Instr*Age + CBCL + Sex + (1|Subject)
  203. modelMPlus = mplusObject(
  204. TITLE = "RoiDiff 3-Way Adversity;",
  205. VARIABLE ="USEVARIABLES= SubID roiD Ins Sex Age CBCL SLES
  206. InsSLES InsAge AgeSLES
  207. InsAgeS;
  208. WITHIN = Ins CBCL SLES Age
  209. InsSLES InsAge InsSLES
  210. InsAgeS;
  211. BETWEEN = Sex;
  212. CLUSTER = SubID;
  213. MISSING = ALL (-999.00);",
  214. DEFINE =" InsSLES = Ins*SLES;
  215. InsAge = Ins*Age;
  216. AgeSLES = Age*SLES;
  217. InsAgeS = Ins*SLES*Age;",
  218. ANALYSIS ="TYPE = TWOLEVEL;
  219. ESTIMATOR = MLR;",
  220. MODEL = "
  221. %WITHIN%
  222. roiD ON Ins CBCL SLES Age
  223. InsSLES InsAge AgeSLES InsAgeS;
  224. CBCL SLES InsSLES AgeSLES InsAgeS ;
  225. %BETWEEN%
  226. roiD ON Sex;",
  227. OUTPUT = "STANDARDIZED CINTERVAL;",
  228. rdata = roiData)
  230. ### 3.2.3. Extract Parameters ----
  231. # Same as 3.1.3.

LinearMixedEffects_Adversity-Analysis.R at commit f9358a3, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Galit Karpov1, Brian W Kleinschmidt1, Sara A Heyn1,2, Justin D Russell1, Ryan J Herringa1,2
ORCID iDs: Galit Karpov, Brian W Kleinschmidt, Sara A Heyn, Justin D Russell, Ryan J Herringa
  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
Institutions: University of Wisconsin–Madison (United States); Medical College of Wisconsin (United States)
Journal: Developmental cognitive neuroscience, volume 80, article 101769
Dates: received 5 February 2026; accepted 19 June 2026; published online 22 June 2026; in print August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769 · PMID 42335634 · PMCID PMC13316226 · OpenAlex W7165536341
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: fMRI (modality), human (organism)
Methods: Statistics, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Adolescence, Emotion, Internalizing disorders, Anterior insula, Childhood adversity
MeSH: Adolescent Development*, Adverse Childhood Experiences*, Emotional Regulation*, Emotions*, Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurodevelopment (* major topic)
Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (Clinical Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH115910); Department of Psychiatry
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 186 references in the paper

Abstract

Background: Internalizing disorders (IDs) such as anxiety and depression show a peak onset during adolescence, a period characterized by maturation of the frontal lobe. Impaired emotion regulation and elevated reactivity are prominent transdiagnostic symptoms that are further impacted by childhood adversity. However, the mechanisms through which IDs and adversity alter neurodevelopmental trajectories of emotion processing during adolescence are poorly understood, particularly across implicit and explicit regulation strategies.

Methods: Utilizing an accelerated longitudinal design, youth (aged 10–17) with IDs (n = 65) and a typically-developing comparison group (CG; n = 74) completed an emotional N-Back (implicit) and cognitive reappraisal (explicit) task during fMRI at baseline and one-year follow-up. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to investigate group and age differences in regional frontal lobe activation, then explored how these effects were moderated by adversity.

Results: As compared to CG-youth, ID-youth showed developmental differences in the left ventral anterior insula during the implicit task, and the left dorsal anterior insula during the explicit task. Across both tasks, ID-youth lacked the increasing differential activation between negative and neutral stimuli across age that CG-youth exhibit. In ID-youth, adversity moderated neural activity during the explicit task, including the developmental trajectory of the dorsal anterior insula, but not the implicit task.

Conclusions: The left anterior insula is a key developmental region with subregion-specificity. These findings highlight the importance of individual neural maturation and carry implications for emotion regulation-based pediatric clinical interventions. Further investigation is necessary to assess whether intervention effectiveness is dependent on adversity history.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 8 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

braveresearchcenter/ceda

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: f9358a3f375ae0ba06351b9a0bbaa2fd17e0e6a1, 30 January 2026
Languages: R (4), Shell (1)
Size: 10 files, 5 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Open science statement”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: tidyverse (3 files), AFNI (1 file), fMRIPrep (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
6 files
At the source: github.com/BRAVEResearchCenter/CEDA/tree/main/KarpovEtAl2026

OSF qyg6k

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 0 files, 0 scripts
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: the references
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
At the source:

Open science statement

Hypotheses and analysis plans were preregistered on OSF (Karpov et al., 2025). Analysis scripts are available at the following Github repository: https://github.com/BRAVEResearchCenter/CEDA/tree/main/KarpovEtAl2026

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

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  • 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
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  • 8 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Data

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Authors: added Brian W Kleinschmidt (0009-0002-1077-0300); Justin D Russell (0000-0002-6659-2657); removed Brian W Kleinschmidt; Justin D Russell

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 5 authors, 6 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 181 references.

Cite

This paper

Karpov, G., Kleinschmidt, B. W., Heyn, S. A., Russell, J. D., & Herringa, R. J. (2026). Differential adolescent neurodevelopment of emotion processing across internalizing psychopathology and childhood adversity. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 80, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769

BibTeX

@article{karpov2026differential,
author = {Karpov, Galit and Kleinschmidt, Brian W and Heyn, Sara A and Russell, Justin D and Herringa, Ryan J},
title = {{Differential adolescent neurodevelopment of emotion processing across internalizing psychopathology and childhood adversity}},
journal = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {80},
pages = {101769},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {1878-9293},
doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769},
pmid = {42335634},
pmcid = {PMC13316226}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Karpov, Galit
AU - Kleinschmidt, Brian W
AU - Heyn, Sara A
AU - Russell, Justin D
AU - Herringa, Ryan J
TI - Differential adolescent neurodevelopment of emotion processing across internalizing psychopathology and childhood adversity
T2 - Developmental cognitive neuroscience
J2 - Dev Cogn Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/22
VL - 80
SP - 101769
SN - 1878-9293
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101769
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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