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Deterministic wet etching of aspheric fiber microlenses with tunable conic geometry for tailored optical functionality.

Overview

Authors: Sanggon Kim1,2, Iason Keramidis2, Isabel Plasencia-Fernandez2, Johanna Alonso2, Louison Brochoire2, Cyril Bories2, Annie Barbeau2, Younes Messaddeq1,2, Yves De Koninck1,2,3
ORCID iDs: Sanggon Kim, Iason Keramidis, Younes Messaddeq, Yves De Koninck
  1. Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Physics, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
  2. CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC Canada
  3. Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
Institutions: Université Laval (Canada); Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec (Canada)
Journal: Nature communications, volume 17, issue 1, article 9569
Dates: received 6 September 2025; accepted 29 June 2026; published online 7 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y · PMID 42706254 · PMCID PMC13550405 · OpenAlex W7201878250
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code found, not verified yet
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Fibre optics and optical communications, Design, synthesis and processing, Optical manipulation and tweezers, Biophotonics
Topic: Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics (Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics and Astronomy), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 82 references in the paper
Research resources: RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664, RRID:IMSR_JAX:010802, RRID:IMSR_JAX:024109, RRID:SCR_016477

Abstract

Efficient coupling between guided optical fiber modes and radiated fields in the surrounding medium remains a fundamental limitation across photonics, sensing, and biophotonics. Micro-lensed fibers offer a promising solution, yet scalable fabrication with predictable geometry and deterministic optical performance has remained elusive. Here, we introduce laser-controlled wet-chemical etching (LCWCE), a single-parameter strategy that directly sculpts micro-lenses, from hyperbolic to parabolic and prolate elliptical profiles, on standard optical fibers. Local laser illumination establishes an axially confined etching-rate gradient, enabling sub-micrometer control of curvature and working distance independent of fiber type or internal structure. A physics-separated multiphysics framework combining wave optics, heat-transfer, and temperature-dependent etching kinetics captures the observed geometry evolution and validates the underlying mechanism. LCWCE enables milliwatt-scale, minimal-power fiber-based optical trapping, as well as minimally invasive in vivo dendritic detection and single-cell neural interrogation beyond 1.5 mm depth in live brains, transforming ubiquitous optical fibers into scalable, high-performance photonic probes.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

codeocean:9453164

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: cannot be verified, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: found in the paper
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Code availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: cannot be verified
  • 27 September 2026: cannot be verified
At the source:

Code availability

MATLAB codes implementing the physics-separated multiphysics framework and the geometry-agnostic axial rounding metric have been deposited in Code Ocean (https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.9453164.v1).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

Data supporting the findings of this study are provided in the main article, Supplementary Information, and Source Data files provided with this paper. Data necessary to interpret, verify, and reproduce the reported findings are available through these materials. Source data are provided in this paper.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 3, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 5 keywords, 51 references, 4 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Kim, S., Keramidis, I., Plasencia-Fernandez, I., Alonso, J., Brochoire, L., Bories, C., Barbeau, A., Messaddeq, Y., & De Koninck, Y. (2026). Deterministic wet etching of aspheric fiber microlenses with tunable conic geometry for tailored optical functionality. Nature communications, 17(1), 9569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y

BibTeX

@article{kim2026deterministic,
author = {Kim, Sanggon and Keramidis, Iason and Plasencia-Fernandez, Isabel and Alonso, Johanna and Brochoire, Louison and Bories, Cyril and Barbeau, Annie and Messaddeq, Younes and De Koninck, Yves},
title = {{Deterministic wet etching of aspheric fiber microlenses with tunable conic geometry for tailored optical functionality}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {9569},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y},
pmid = {42706254},
pmcid = {PMC13550405}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Kim, Sanggon
AU - Keramidis, Iason
AU - Plasencia-Fernandez, Isabel
AU - Alonso, Johanna
AU - Brochoire, Louison
AU - Bories, Cyril
AU - Barbeau, Annie
AU - Messaddeq, Younes
AU - De Koninck, Yves
TI - Deterministic wet etching of aspheric fiber microlenses with tunable conic geometry for tailored optical functionality
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/07
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 9569
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75331-y
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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