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Temporal kinetics of brain state effects on visual perception.

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Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 34 lines · 611 B · no license

  1. clear all
  2. close all
  3. clc
  6. load decodingperfreq.mat
  8. figure
  9. shadedErrorBar( 1:length( M ),M,E )
  10. ylim([.15 .5])
  11. line([0 Nfreq],[.2 .2])
  12. set( gca,'xtick',1:2:Nfreq,'xticklabel',num2str( rf( 1:2:end )));
  16. load GOFPL_MW.mat
  18. figure
  19. shadedErrorBar( freq,M,E )
  20. hold on
  21. plot( freq,M,'ro' )
  22. xlim([-1 29])
  23. set( gca,'xtick',1:2:28,'xticklabel',num2str( rf( 1:2:end )));
  26. load MWtimecourse.mat
  28. figure; hold on
  29. bar( M )
  30. errorbar( 1:25,M,E,'linestyle','none','CapSize',0 )
  31. pbaspect([1 1 1])
  32. myaxis( 'number of trials after FQ','standardized likelihood' )
  33. ylim([-1 1.5])
  34. xlim([0 25+1 ])

Figure1.m at commit 191e079, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Paul Schmid1,2, Timon Klein3, Piotr Minakowski3, Sebastian Sager3, Christoph Reichert2, Robert T Knight4,5, Stefan Dürschmid1,2,4,5
  1. Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
  3. Department of Mathematics, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
  4. Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
  5. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Institutions: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (Germany); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (Germany); University of California, Berkeley (United States)
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 14689
Dates: received 15 November 2025; accepted 24 April 2026; published online 9 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5 · PMID 42106437 · PMCID PMC13157504 · OpenAlex W4401351840
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Preprint: doi:10.1101/2024.08.02.606289
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), MEG (modality), human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Connectivity, Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: High-frequency activity, Brain state changes, Inattention, Decoding, Magnetoencephalography, Neuroscience, Psychology
MeSH: Brain*, Visual Perception*, Adult, Attention, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Wakefulness, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 68 references in the paper

Abstract

Fluctuations between attention and inattention shape sensory representation, yet the dynamics of these brain state transitions and whether inattention leads to a loss of sensory information remain unclear. We examined how focused wakefulness (ON state) and external inattention (OFF state) affect human perception and early visual responses. In two experiments, we investigated the temporal kinetics of brain state changes during stimulus processing and assessed fluctuations across extended periods of time. Using theta activity in MEG sensors, a classifier distinguished ON and OFF states on a single-trial level. Participants shifted from an ON to an OFF state as rapidly as two seconds. Visual target discrimination was comparable in both states, but reaction times were slower and more variable during the OFF state. Broad band high-frequency activity (BHA) recorded in MEG sensors covering the occipital cortex tracked target grating orientation. BHA was reduced during the OFF state but still tracked target grating orientation. Hence, participants were still able to distinguish sensory information highlighting the role of BHA in visual perception across cognitive brain states. Furthermore, BHA peak latency was longer than EEG-C1 latency, with the EEG-C1 component representing the initial visual feedforward sweep to V1. Taken together, these results suggest that BHA is involved in feedforward and feedback processing in the visual system.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

SDuerschmid/Temporal-Kinetics-of-MindWandering

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 191e079b36ed1abfc0b08690ce0adb1e0dd522b7, 29 November 2025
Languages: MATLAB (6)
Size: 18 files, 6 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Code availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (1 file), shadedErrorBar (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
6 files
At the source: github.com/SDuerschmid/Temporal-Kinetics-of-MindWandering

Code availability

Code has been made available on Github at https://github.com/SDuerschmid/Temporal-Kinetics-of-MindWandering

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 6 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

Data have been made available on Github at https://github.com/SDuerschmid/Temporal-Kinetics-of-MindWandering

Code has been made available on Github at https://github.com/SDuerschmid/Temporal-Kinetics-of-MindWandering

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 7 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 60 references.

Cite

This paper

Schmid, P., Klein, T., Minakowski, P., Sager, S., Reichert, C., Knight, R. T., & Dürschmid, S. (2026). Temporal kinetics of brain state effects on visual perception. Scientific reports, 16(1), 14689. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5

BibTeX

@article{schmid2026temporal,
author = {Schmid, Paul and Klein, Timon and Minakowski, Piotr and Sager, Sebastian and Reichert, Christoph and Knight, Robert T and Dürschmid, Stefan},
title = {{Temporal kinetics of brain state effects on visual perception}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {14689},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5},
pmid = {42106437},
pmcid = {PMC13157504}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Schmid, Paul
AU - Klein, Timon
AU - Minakowski, Piotr
AU - Sager, Sebastian
AU - Reichert, Christoph
AU - Knight, Robert T
AU - Dürschmid, Stefan
TI - Temporal kinetics of brain state effects on visual perception
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/09
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 14689
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50974-5
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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{
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"volume": "16",
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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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