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50 Hz Cortical stimulation increases interictal epileptiform discharges at the seizure onset zone.

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  1. [1] § Results › Patient group analyses ↔ PAPERFIG6.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.55 · probability density, normalized absolute change, SOZ stimulation, linear, Threshold, axis · Report a mismatch

Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 41 lines · 1.3 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. matrix1 = soz;
  2. matrix2 = nonsoz;
  4. %% ===== Linear scale figure with Threshold =====
  5. figure
  6. hold on;
  8. % Plot histograms
  9. h1 = histogram(matrix1, 'FaceColor', [0, 0.5, 0], 'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
  10. 'Normalization', 'pdf', 'BinEdges', 0:.025:1);
  11. h2 = histogram(matrix2, 'FaceColor', [0.5, 0, 0.5], 'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
  12. 'Normalization', 'pdf', 'BinEdges', 0:.025:1);
  14. % Threshold line
  15. h3 = xline(0.2, 'r--', 'LineWidth', 2);
  17. % Dummy for "N = 30"
  18. hN = plot(nan, nan, 'LineStyle', 'none', 'Marker', 'none', 'Color', 'none');
  19. hold off;
  21. % Labels
  22. xlabel('Value (Normalized absolute change of IEDs)', ...
  23. 'FontSize', 12, 'FontWeight', 'bold', 'FontName', 'Times New Roman');
  24. ylabel('Probability density', ...
  25. 'FontSize', 12, 'FontWeight', 'bold', 'FontName', 'Times New Roman');
  27. % Legend
  28. legend([h1, h2, h3, hN], { ...
  29. 'Changes in IEDs at SOZ after SOZ stimulation', ...
  30. 'Changes in IEDs at non-SOZ after non-SOZ stimulation', ...
  31. 'Threshold', ...
  32. 'N = 30'}, ...
  33. 'FontSize', 12, 'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
  34. 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'Box', 'off');
  36. % Axis ticks font
  37. set(gca, 'FontSize', 12, 'FontWeight', 'bold', 'FontName', 'Times New Roman');
  39. % Save linear figure
  40. outputFile = fullfile(pwd, 'brainmap_final_linear.tif');
  41. print(gcf, outputFile, '-dtiff', '-r1200');

PAPERFIG6.m at commit 9ff9e0d, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Ahdyie Ahmadi1, Hellen Kreinter Rosembaun2, Benjamin Corrigan3, Mohamad Abbass2, Greydon Gilmore2, Nasim Mortazavi1, Giovanni Pellegrino2, Jorge G Burneo2,4,5, David A Steven2,4, Jonathan C Lau2, Keith W MacDougall2, Michelle-Lee Jones2, Julio C Martinez-Trujillo3, Ana Suller Marti2,6,7
ORCID iDs: David A Steven, Julio C Martinez-Trujillo, Ana Suller Marti
  1. Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
  2. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
  3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
  5. Neuroepidemiology Unit, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
  6. Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
  7. Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
Institutions: Western University (Canada)
Journal: Brain communications, volume 8, issue 3, article fcag187
Dates: received 18 August 2025; accepted 26 May 2026; published online 18 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/braincomms/fcag187 · PMID 42516612 · PMCID PMC13403275 · OpenAlex W7165191309
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: intracranial EEG (iEEG / ECoG / SEEG) (modality), human (organism), epilepsy (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Preprocessing, Statistics, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: high-frequency stimulation, intracranial EEG, biomarkers of epileptogenicity
Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment (Clinical Neurology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (IRSC); Success Seed
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 36 references in the paper

Abstract

More than 15 million patients worldwide suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Surgical removal of the seizure onset zone (SOZ)—the brain region(s) from where seizures arise—is the best available treatment for these patients, with post-surgical outcomes depending on the successful identification and resection of the SOZ. Most commonly, SOZ mapping localizes ictal activity occurring spontaneously or evoked by cortical stimulation (CS) during pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Mapping events such as interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), paroxysmal hypersynchronic electrical discharges that often occur outside ictal discharges or during CS, have been less used for SOZ localization. We test the hypothesis that IEDs triggered by CS via SEEG investigation can contribute to the mapping of the SOZ. We evaluated the impact of CS on IEDs in patients investigated with SEEG on epilepsy surgery. We recorded intracranial signals from 30 DRE patients (seizure-free post-surgery). Bipolar and high-frequency (50 Hz) CS were performed with a pulse width of 300 µs and current spanning of 1–8 mA. IEDs were automatically detected pre- and post-stimulation, and their normalized absolute changes were quantified within and outside the SOZ (identified by ictal discharges). We found that the IED rates significantly increased post-stimulation compared with pre-stimulation within the SOZ, while no significant change was observed outside the SOZ (linear mixed-effect model, P-value < 0.001, and AUC = 98% for SOZ and 71% for non-SOZ). This effect was present regardless of whether the stimulation was applied to the SOZ or non-SOZ regions, indicating a broader effect of stimulation on the SOZ. Our results offer a quantitative tool for identifying epileptogenic areas in patients with DRE, enhancing the mapping and localization of the SOZ and potentially improving surgical outcomes.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

Ahdyie-Ahmadi/Stimulation-Paper

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 9ff9e0d665a22636fdb71197c462cfb060990321, 17 October 2025
Languages: MATLAB (5)
Size: 6 files, 5 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
6 files
At the source: github.com/Ahdyie-Ahmadi/Stimulation-Paper

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 5 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available as they contain information that could compromise research participant privacy and consent. IED detection was performed using the algorithm from Janca et al. (doi: 10.1007/s10548-014-0379-1). The original IED detection code is available from the original publication. Custom MATLAB scripts and functions for data visualization and figure preparation are provided in this repository: (https://github.com/Ahdyie-Ahmadi/Stimulation-Paper). Please contact the corresponding author if more information is needed.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 14 authors, 3 keywords, 2 funders, 36 references.

Cite

This paper

Ahmadi, A., Rosembaun, H. K., Corrigan, B., Abbass, M., Gilmore, G., Mortazavi, N., Pellegrino, G., Burneo, J. G., Steven, D. A., Lau, J. C., MacDougall, K. W., Jones, M.-L., Martinez-Trujillo, J. C., & Suller Marti, A. (2026). 50 Hz Cortical stimulation increases interictal epileptiform discharges at the seizure onset zone. Brain communications, 8(3), fcag187. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag187

BibTeX

@article{ahmadi202650,
author = {Ahmadi, Ahdyie and Rosembaun, Hellen Kreinter and Corrigan, Benjamin and Abbass, Mohamad and Gilmore, Greydon and Mortazavi, Nasim and Pellegrino, Giovanni and Burneo, Jorge G and Steven, David A and Lau, Jonathan C and MacDougall, Keith W and Jones, Michelle-Lee and Martinez-Trujillo, Julio C and Suller Marti, Ana},
title = {{50 Hz Cortical stimulation increases interictal epileptiform discharges at the seizure onset zone}},
journal = {Brain communications},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {fcag187},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2632-1297},
doi = {10.1093/braincomms/fcag187},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag187},
pmid = {42516612},
pmcid = {PMC13403275}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ahmadi, Ahdyie
AU - Rosembaun, Hellen Kreinter
AU - Corrigan, Benjamin
AU - Abbass, Mohamad
AU - Gilmore, Greydon
AU - Mortazavi, Nasim
AU - Pellegrino, Giovanni
AU - Burneo, Jorge G
AU - Steven, David A
AU - Lau, Jonathan C
AU - MacDougall, Keith W
AU - Jones, Michelle-Lee
AU - Martinez-Trujillo, Julio C
AU - Suller Marti, Ana
TI - 50 Hz Cortical stimulation increases interictal epileptiform discharges at the seizure onset zone
T2 - Brain communications
J2 - Brain Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/18
VL - 8
IS - 3
SP - fcag187
SN - 2632-1297
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/braincomms/fcag187
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag187
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1093/braincomms/fcag187",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "50 Hz Cortical stimulation increases interictal epileptiform discharges at the seizure onset zone",
"container-title": "Brain communications",
"author": [
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"family": "Ahmadi",
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{
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{
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"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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2026,
6,
18
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]
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}

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