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Cortical dynamics of icon perception: effects of concreteness and attractiveness.

Code ↔ Paper

16 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 16 matches · 4 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § Materials and methods › Statistical analysis ↔ code/15f-lowlevel-visual-metrics.py, lines 1–40 · score 0.93 · pixel intensities, edge pixels, edge density, luminance variance, icon stimuli, detector
  2. [2] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/12-inverse.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.85 · inverse operator, pick_ori, source space, FreeSurfer, ico4, depth
  3. [3] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/15a-RSA-model-diagnostics.py, lines 361–423 · score 0.81 · variance inflation factors, rank transformed, correlation matrix, model RDMs, partial Spearman, multicollinearity
  4. [4] § Materials and methods › Statistical analysis ↔ code/config_Iconmind.py, lines 45–60 · score 0.81 · 200–300 ms, 150–200 ms, 80–130 ms, 600–1000 ms, 300–600 ms, 150 ms
  5. [5] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/15b-run-RSA.py, lines 97–186 · score 0.77 · temporal radius, inverse epochs, MNE RSA, ROIs, artifact, RDM
  6. [6] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/15b-run-RSA.py, lines 97–186 · score 0.75 · inverse operator, PICK_ORI, FreeSurfer, ico4, depth, loose
  7. [7] § Results › Concreteness, attractiveness, and interaction effects in icon perception › Concreteness effect (abstract vs. concrete) ↔ code/config_Iconmind.py, lines 45–60 · score 0.74 · 200–300 ms, 150–200 ms, 600–1000 ms, 300–600 ms, 150 ms, 130 ms
  8. [8] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/utils_rsa_models.py, lines 203–218 · score 0.71 · raw grayscale luminance, pixel RDM, vectors, modeled, RSA
  9. [9] § Results › Concreteness, attractiveness, and interaction effects in icon perception › Priming control (congruency interactions) ↔ code/14e-plot-priming-control-figure.py, lines 1–66 · score 0.71 · attractiveness ANOVA, concreteness ANOVA, 300–600 ms, Priming, TFCE, congruency
  10. [10] § Results › Low-level visual properties analysis of icon stimuli ↔ code/15f-lowlevel-visual-metrics.py, lines 1–40 · score 0.69 · visual metrics, edge density, Luminance variance, energy, mid, ANOVAs
  11. [11] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/04-reject-ICA.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.57 · pass filtered, ICA, ECG, EOG, component, MNE
  12. [12] § Materials and methods › Statistical analysis ↔ code/15c-RSA-stats.py, lines 1–42 · score 0.55 · model RDM, partial Spearman, Fisher, permutation, transformed, cluster
  13. [13] § Results › Concreteness, attractiveness, and interaction effects in icon perception › Interaction effect (concreteness × attractiveness) ↔ code/14f-ANOVA-figure.py, lines 852–947 · score 0.53 · interaction windows, 180 ms, unattractive icons, concrete icons, 100 ms, sensor
  14. [14] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/05-remove-bad-trials.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.53 · pass filtered, ICA, EOG, artifacts, MNE, channels
  15. [15] § Materials and methods › Data acquisition ↔ code/05-remove-bad-trials.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.51 · band pass filtered, EOG, buttons, channel, MEG
  16. [16] § Materials and methods › Data Preprocessing ↔ code/utils_rsa_models.py, lines 324–423 · score 0.51 · model RDMs, unfamiliar, 1–7, binary, survey, unattractive

Paper

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The authors' code

Python · 309 lines · 11 KB · no license · 2 matches

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It can be read at the source: code/15f-lowlevel-visual-metrics.py.

Overview

Authors: Jiaqi Zheng1,2,3, Weiyong Xu3,4, Johanna Silvennoinen1, Fengyu Cong1,2,5,6, Tiina Parviainen3,4, Tuomo Kujala1
ORCID iDs: Jiaqi Zheng, Weiyong Xu, Johanna Silvennoinen, Tiina Parviainen, Tuomo Kujala
  1. Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 2, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
  2. School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China
  3. Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
  4. Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
  5. Key Laboratory of Social Computing and Cognitive Intelligence, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China
  6. School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning Province, China
Institutions: Dalian University of Technology (China); University of Jyväskylä (Finland); Dalian University (China)
Journal: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), volume 36, issue 6, article bhag075
Dates: received 19 December 2025; accepted 19 May 2026; published online 22 June 2026; in print June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhag075 · PMID 42330320 · PMCID PMC13286001 · OpenAlex W7165550683
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: MEG (modality), human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging, Physiology & signal measures, Machine learning
Keywords: attractiveness, concreteness, icon perception, magnetoencephalography (MEG), representational similarity analysis (RSA)
MeSH: Cerebral Cortex*, Pattern Recognition, Visual*, Visual Perception*, Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Photic Stimulation, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Multisensory perception and integration (Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Research Council of Finland; Faculty of Information Technology at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland; China Scholarship Council (201906060240)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 98 references in the paper

Abstract

Icons, as simplified visual symbols, play a key role in visual communication, yet little neuroimaging research has addressed how icons are represented in the brain. We investigated how concreteness and attractiveness modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of icon processing in a 2 × 2 factorial design in 35 adults using magnetoencephalography. Source-level event-related field (ERF) analysis and representational similarity analysis (RSA) were used to characterize neural responses, with partial RSA isolating each feature’s unique contribution after controlling for low-level visual similarity. ERF results showed that concreteness exerted a robust and sustained influence on neural dynamics, with concrete icons eliciting stronger responses than abstract ones from 90 to 1,000 ms, emerging in bilateral occipital cortices and extending to occipitotemporal, temporal, and parietal regions. RSA confirmed concreteness as a representational dimension across processing stages. Attractiveness showed an early but transient effect in occipital and ventral occipitotemporal regions (80 to 130 ms), though this did not survive RSA after controlling for low-level visual property models. A concreteness × attractiveness interaction modulated early occipital and later parietal processing (100 to 185 ms), indicating these features do not operate independently. Our results reveal that semantic content outweighs esthetic appeal in shaping the neural representation of icons.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 16 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

weiyongxu/iconmind-analysis

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 1fd951d22b7098f0f1dea320e3a9382ac0c0d45b, 21 May 2026
Languages: Python (32)
Size: 34 files, 32 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: MNE-Python (28 files), NumPy (19 files), pandas (14 files), Matplotlib (8 files), Pillow (2 files), scikit-image (2 files), SciPy (2 files), scikit-learn (1 file), statsmodels (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
33 files, not copied: shown from their source

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At the source: github.com/weiyongxu/iconmind-analysis

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

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  • 32 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 16 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

The experimental paradigm, data preprocessing, and data analysis scripts are freely available at the following Github repository: https://github.com/weiyongxu/iconmind-analysis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 6 authors, 5 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 93 references.

Cite

This paper

Zheng, J., Xu, W., Silvennoinen, J., Cong, F., Parviainen, T., & Kujala, T. (2026). Cortical dynamics of icon perception: effects of concreteness and attractiveness. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 36(6), bhag075. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag075

BibTeX

@article{zheng2026cortical,
author = {Zheng, Jiaqi and Xu, Weiyong and Silvennoinen, Johanna and Cong, Fengyu and Parviainen, Tiina and Kujala, Tuomo},
title = {{Cortical dynamics of icon perception: effects of concreteness and attractiveness}},
journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {bhag075},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {1047-3211},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhag075},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag075},
pmid = {42330320},
pmcid = {PMC13286001}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Zheng, Jiaqi
AU - Xu, Weiyong
AU - Silvennoinen, Johanna
AU - Cong, Fengyu
AU - Parviainen, Tiina
AU - Kujala, Tuomo
TI - Cortical dynamics of icon perception: effects of concreteness and attractiveness
T2 - Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
J2 - Cereb Cortex
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
VL - 36
IS - 6
SP - bhag075
SN - 1047-3211
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/cercor/bhag075
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag075
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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