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Neural integrator and orchestrator communities shape spontaneous signaling in the human brain.

Code ↔ Paper

2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 2 matches
  1. [1] § Results › Brain macroregion estimates ↔ p1_ts.R, lines 121–143 · score 0.54 · aTHA, AMY, GP, HIP, NAc, CAU
  2. [2] § Results › Brain macroregion estimates ↔ p2_par.R, lines 47–90 · score 0.54 · aTHA, AMY, GP, HIP, NAc, CAU

Paper

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The authors' code

R · 516 lines · 17 KB · no license · 1 match

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It can be read at the source: p1_ts.R.

Overview

Authors: Lorenzo Pini1,2, Ranieri Dugo3, Paolo Pigato3, Maurizio Corbetta1,2,4
  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
  2. Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Via Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy
  3. Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Columbia 2, 00133 Rome, Italy
  4. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
Journal: PNAS nexus, volume 5, issue 9, article pgag285
Dates: received 10 February 2026; accepted 10 August 2026; published online 24 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285 · PMID 42713480 · PMCID PMC13552504 · OpenAlex W7128024266
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: fMRI (modality), human (organism)
Methods: Complexity, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: intrinsic activity, resting-state fMRI, fractional models, multivariate models, intelligence
Journal subjects: Biological, Health, and Medical Sciences, Neuroscience
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: HORIZON-ERC-SyG (101071900); Neurological Mechanisms Of Injury And Sleep-Like Cellular Dynamics (NEMESIS); HORIZON- INFRA- 2022 SERV (101147319); EBRAINS 2.0: A Research Infrastructure to Advance Neuroscience and Brain Health; Cariparo Foundation Excellence grant 2023-2024 (68076); Associazione Italiana Ricerca Alzheimer Onlus (AGYR 2025)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 69 references in the paper

Abstract

Understanding how intrinsic brain dynamics are organized is critical for explaining cognition and sensory processing. Theoretical frameworks propose a hierarchical architecture in which some neural systems behave as orchestrators, broadcasting information across the brain, whereas others serve as net receivers (integrators), transforming incoming signals. Here, we test whether this orchestration–integration framework is embedded in intrinsic brain activity, that is, in the absence of cognitive/sensorial tasks. We adopt a multivariate fractional modeling framework originally developed in financial mathematics to characterize how volatility propagates across interacting markets, thereby identifying systems that act as orchestrators or integrators. We then test whether this integrator–orchestrator axis is related to human intelligence. To this end, using 7T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 173 healthy young adults, we model spontaneous brain fluctuations with a multivariate fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to derive directional influence indices. Consistent with our predictions, we identified a bipartite organization, stable across modeling choices. At the subcortical level, the anterior thalamus, putamen, and caudate emerged as orchestrating transmitters, whereas the posterior thalamus, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens acted as integrating receivers. At the cortical level, attentional and sensory networks functioned as orchestrating transmitters, while higher-order cognitive networks served as integrating receivers. These findings provide support for a theoretically grounded integration–orchestration framework, showing that directional asymmetries in brain spontaneous fluctuations are organized along this axis, with a moderate association with intelligence scores. The proposed fractional framework offers a principled tool to investigate how disruptions of this balance may contribute to brain disorders.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 2 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

ranieridugo/mfou_bio

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 1d7f86077235c28f387bec10372d1d210f63d3ea, 18 May 2026
Languages: R (11)
Size: 35 files, 11 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: tidyverse (5 files), ggplot2 (3 files), reshape2 (2 files), broom (1 file), ggpubr (1 file), rstatix (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
12 files, not copied: shown from their source

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The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 11 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

The full model, scripts, and parameters are available at https://github.com/ranieridugo/mfou_bio/tree/main. Imaging data are fully available at https://www.humanconnectome.org/.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 5 keywords, 6 funders, 52 references.

Cite

This paper

Pini, L., Dugo, R., Pigato, P., & Corbetta, M. (2026). Neural integrator and orchestrator communities shape spontaneous signaling in the human brain. PNAS nexus, 5(9), pgag285. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285

BibTeX

@article{pini2026neural,
author = {Pini, Lorenzo and Dugo, Ranieri and Pigato, Paolo and Corbetta, Maurizio},
title = {{Neural integrator and orchestrator communities shape spontaneous signaling in the human brain}},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {5},
number = {9},
pages = {pgag285},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2752-6542},
doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285},
pmid = {42713480},
pmcid = {PMC13552504}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Pini, Lorenzo
AU - Dugo, Ranieri
AU - Pigato, Paolo
AU - Corbetta, Maurizio
TI - Neural integrator and orchestrator communities shape spontaneous signaling in the human brain
T2 - PNAS nexus
J2 - PNAS Nexus
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/24
VL - 5
IS - 9
SP - pgag285
SN - 2752-6542
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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