OSCR

Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing.

Overview

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
  2. Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
  3. Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
  4. Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Institutions: The University of Texas at Austin (United States)
Journal: Science advances, volume 12, issue 40, article eaee1540
Dates: received 23 November 2025; accepted 31 August 2026; published online 2 October 2026; in print October 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aee1540 · PMID 42826206 · PMCID PMC13632756 · OpenAlex W7215877349
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Preprocessing, Statistics, Machine learning, Connectivity
MeSH: Brain-Computer Interfaces*, Electroencephalography*, Hair*, Hydrogels*, Electrodes, Humans (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Physical and Materials Sciences, Engineering, Neurophysiology
Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Science Foundation CAREER Award (2340964); Texas Health Catalyst Program; NIH Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award (R35GM147408); Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award; Alzheimer’s Association New to the Field (AARG-NTF) research grant; UT Austin Startup Fund; Texas Innovation Center at the University of Texas at Austin; DAPAR REM REST program; UT Austin Proof of Concept Award; National Academy of Medicine Healthy Longevity Catalyst Award; Cockrell Innovation Grant
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 57 references in the paper

Abstract

Reliable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) require electroencephalography (EEG) sensors that maintain conformal, low-impedance contact through hair, motion, and repeated use. Here, we present MindStretcH, a stretchable and hair-compatible EEG platform integrating a kirigami-patterned elastomeric mesh, deformable eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) interconnects, and detachable hydrogel-based conical electrodes. The system adapts to variations in head geometry, preserves electrical performance under substantial mechanical deformation, and maintains stable electrode-scalp contact over prolonged use. Longitudinal motor-imagery recordings and repeated online BCI experiments showed consistent task-related EEG activity without measurable deterioration in recording quality. These results establish MindStretcH as a reusable platform for long-term EEG monitoring and BCI applications in laboratory, clinical, and home settings.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

Zenodo 19422275

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 5 October 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 3 files
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data, code, and materials availability:”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 5 October 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 5 October 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data, code, and materials availability

All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. The original data and code have been deposited at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19422275) and are publicly available. This study did not generate new materials.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 6 October 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 19 authors, 6 MeSH terms, 11 funders, 41 references.

Cite

This paper

Hsieh, J.-C., Yao, M., Alawieh, H., Koptelova, V., Kumar, S., Tang, K. W. K., Wang, W., Jeong, J., Ding, H., Ahmad, Z., Wang, D., Engrav, T., Wang, R., Gupta, A., He, W., Moscoso-Barrera, W. D., Grimes, A., Millán, J. d. R., & Wang, H. (2026). Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing. Science advances, 12(40), eaee1540. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540

BibTeX

@article{hsieh2026highly,
author = {Hsieh, Ju-Chun and Yao, Mengmeng and Alawieh, Hussein and Koptelova, Victoria and Kumar, Satyam and Tang, Kai Wing Kevin and Wang, Wenliang and Jeong, Jinmo and Ding, Hong and Ahmad, Zoya and Wang, Derek and Engrav, Tlali and Wang, Reyna and Gupta, Ashwin and He, Weilong and Moscoso-Barrera, William D. and Grimes, Ayden and Millán, José del R. and Wang, Huiliang},
title = {{Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing}},
journal = {Science advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
volume = {12},
number = {40},
pages = {eaee1540},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
issn = {2375-2548},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aee1540},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540},
pmid = {42826206},
pmcid = {PMC13632756}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Hsieh, Ju-Chun
AU - Yao, Mengmeng
AU - Alawieh, Hussein
AU - Koptelova, Victoria
AU - Kumar, Satyam
AU - Tang, Kai Wing Kevin
AU - Wang, Wenliang
AU - Jeong, Jinmo
AU - Ding, Hong
AU - Ahmad, Zoya
AU - Wang, Derek
AU - Engrav, Tlali
AU - Wang, Reyna
AU - Gupta, Ashwin
AU - He, Weilong
AU - Moscoso-Barrera, William D.
AU - Grimes, Ayden
AU - Millán, José del R.
AU - Wang, Huiliang
TI - Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing
T2 - Science advances
J2 - Sci Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/02
VL - 12
IS - 40
SP - eaee1540
SN - 2375-2548
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aee1540
UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aee1540",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Highly stretchable, hair-compatible multichannel neural interface with time-stable hydrogel for high-fidelity long-term EEG sensing",
"container-title": "Science advances",
"author": [
{
"family": "Hsieh",
"given": "Ju-Chun"
},
{
"family": "Yao",
"given": "Mengmeng"
},
{
"family": "Alawieh",
"given": "Hussein"
},
{
"family": "Koptelova",
"given": "Victoria"
},
{
"family": "Kumar",
"given": "Satyam"
},
{
"family": "Tang",
"given": "Kai Wing Kevin"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Wenliang"
},
{
"family": "Jeong",
"given": "Jinmo"
},
{
"family": "Ding",
"given": "Hong"
},
{
"family": "Ahmad",
"given": "Zoya"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Derek"
},
{
"family": "Engrav",
"given": "Tlali"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Reyna"
},
{
"family": "Gupta",
"given": "Ashwin"
},
{
"family": "He",
"given": "Weilong"
},
{
"family": "Moscoso-Barrera",
"given": "William D."
},
{
"family": "Grimes",
"given": "Ayden"
},
{
"family": "Millán",
"given": "José del R."
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Huiliang"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Adv",
"volume": "12",
"issue": "40",
"page": "eaee1540",
"DOI": "10.1126/sciadv.aee1540",
"PMID": "42826206",
"PMCID": "PMC13632756",
"ISSN": "2375-2548",
"publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
10,
2
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60181-x [code]
Bioadhesive hydrogel-coupled and miniaturized ultrasound transducer system for long-term, wearable neuromodulation.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: 3 references, 7 authors
[2] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73787-6 [code]
Skin-attached bioadhesive patch enabling ultrasound deep brain stimulation and real-time electrophysiological monitoring for REM sleep enhancement.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: 2 references, 5 authors
[3] doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae076 [code]
Transfer learning promotes acquisition of individual BCI skills.
Journal: PNAS nexus
In common: 8 references, 3 authors
[4] doi:10.1073/pnas.2418920122 [code]
Electrical spinal cord stimulation promotes focal sensorimotor activation that accelerates brain-computer interface skill learning.
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
In common: 5 references, 3 authors
[5] doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1271831 [code]
Combining detrended cross-correlation analysis with Riemannian geometry-based classification for improved brain-computer interface performance.
Journal: Frontiers in neuroscience
In common: EEG, 7 references, author José del R. Millán
[6] doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103097 [code]
Protocol to fabricate a self-adhesive and long-term stable hydrogel for sleep EEG recording.
Journal: STAR protocols
In common: EEG, 2 references, 2 authors
[7] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105418
Learning to control a BMI-driven wheelchair for people with severe tetraplegia.
Journal: iScience
In common: 6 references, author José del R. Millán
[8] doi:10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.1193
Personalized whole-brain activity patterns predict human corticospinal tract activation in real-time.
Journal: Brain stimulation
In common: EEG, 2 references, author José del R. Millán
[9] doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.898300
2020 International brain-computer interface competition: A review.
Journal: Frontiers in human neuroscience
In common: EEG, 2 references, author José del R. Millán
[10] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75435-5 [code]
Sensory-guided human-machine joint learning accelerates the acquisition of motor imagery brain computer interface control.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: EEG, 4 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Add the badge to the code's README

OSCR: the badge of this paper

If you are an author or a maintainer of this paper's code, you can add this badge. It says what OSCR knows of the paper (its code, its validated tracing map) and links the code to this page. Paste one of these snippets under the README's title. Keep the two marks around it, so that the badge can be replaced in place and is never added twice. OSCR changes nothing in your repository.

Markdown
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
[![OSCR](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540.svg)](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540)
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->
reStructuredText
.. oscr-badge:start

.. image:: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540.svg
   :target: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540
   :alt: OSCR

.. oscr-badge:end
HTML
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
<a href="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540"><img src="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee1540.svg" alt="OSCR"></a>
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->

If you choose to, you can have the badge kept up to date for you, with oscr badge --write from the command line or with the GitHub Action in your repository's workflows. Every other form and option (a card, AsciiDoc, LaTeX, shields.io) is on the badge page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: code errors and mismatches between the code and the paper about this paper and its code, from readers and its authors, beside the paper and its tracing map.

Report a mismatch between the code and the paper · Report a code error (signed in)

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code and did not get the paper's result, what they ran, with which environment, commit and data.

Report a reproduction failure (signed in)

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.