Toward precision EEG: assessing the reliability of individual-level ERPs across EEG systems.
A correction to this paper has been published: the notice, 42164708, from Europe PMC.
Overview
- The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Abstract
Introduction: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are among the most established tools for studying the neural mechanisms of perception and cognition. Advancing toward precision EEG, however, places new demands for a better understanding of how reliable neural markers are at the individual subject level.
Methods: We conducted two complementary experiments using an auditory oddball paradigm with three sounds (Standard, Target, and Novel) to examine the reliability of N100 and P300 components. In Experiment 1, we assessed consistency at both the group and individual levels across four EEG systems: one research-grade wired system (BioSemi) and three mobile devices (Smarting, DSI-24, and EPOC X). In Experiment 2, we used a test–retest design to evaluate within-participant reliability over time.
Results: Results from Experiment 1 show that at the group level, all EEG systems demonstrated the canonical N100 and P300 components; however, the EPOC X system showed a significantly reduced signal-to-noise ratio compared to the others. At the individual level, temporal and spatial clustering analyses showed that N100 and P300 components were detectable in most individuals (70–85%), with additional significant responses appearing outside this range. We further calculated the similarity of individual responses across participants (“typicality index”), which revealed highly consistent responses to Standard and Novel sounds, alongside divergent patterns of responses to Targets. In Experiment 2, results indicated high within-participant consistency of response patterns for all three stimuli, demonstrating that individual ERPs remain reliably stable over time, even when they deviate from canonical group-level patterns.
Conclusion: The current study contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the utility and reliability of ERP-based metrics for precision imaging and highlights important methodological considerations for their practical implementation.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
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Data availability statement
Publicly available datasets were analysed in this study. This data can be found here: https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 5 authors, 6 keywords, 109 references, 1 integrity notice.
Cite
This paper
Korisky, A., Rabinovitch, E., Har-Shai Yahav, P., McCandliss, B. D., & Zion-Golumbic, E. (2026). Toward precision EEG: assessing the reliability of individual-level ERPs across EEG systems. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 20, 1763477. https://
BibTeX
@article{korisky2026towa
author = {Korisky, Adi and Rabinovitch, Eshsed and Har-Shai Yahav, Paz and McCandliss, Bruce D. and Zion-Golumbic, Elana},
title = {{Toward precision EEG: assessing the reliability of individual-level ERPs across EEG systems}},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {20},
pages = {1763477},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
issn = {1662-5161},
doi = {10.3389/
url = {https://
pmid = {42039367},
pmcid = {PMC13102848}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Korisky, Adi
AU - Rabinovitch, Eshsed
AU - Har-Shai Yahav, Paz
AU - McCandliss, Bruce D.
AU - Zion-Golumbic, Elana
TI - Toward precision EEG: assessing the reliability of individual-level ERPs across EEG systems
T2 - Frontiers in human neuroscience
J2 - Front Hum Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 20
SP - 1763477
SN - 1662-5161
PB - Frontiers Media SA
DO - 10.3389/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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