Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation.
Overview
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
Abstract
Since its inception in 2017, temporal interference stimulation (TIS) has attracted increasing attention as a novel neuromodulation approach with the potential to non-invasively target deep brain structures. As the field moves from initial biophysical validation toward broader experimental and translational applications, a macroscopic understanding of its developmental trajectory and thematic evolution is needed. In this study, we systematically mapped the scientific landscape of TIS research using bibliometric methods to characterize its knowledge structure, core themes, and emerging frontiers. The analysis shows that TIS research has expanded rapidly from foundational animal studies and biophysical mechanism validation toward computational head modeling, individualized electric field optimization, and early human applications. Current research is increasingly focused on cross-species scaling, stimulation dosimetry, comparative advantages over other neuromodulation techniques, precise targeting strategies, and potential physiological risks such as high-frequency conduction block. Overall, TIS is evolving from an exploratory biophysical concept into a promising but technically and physiologically complex neuromodulation tool. Overcoming current engineering and translational barriers, particularly through individualized modeling, rigorous optimization, and well-designed human studies, will be essential for establishing TIS as a reliable therapeutic intervention.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 5 keywords, 6 funders, 74 references.
Cite
This paper
Qi, L., Gao, Z., Pan, X., Li, J., Yu, Y., Wang, K., Li, Q., & Bai, T. (2026). Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation. Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 13(7), 741. https://
BibTeX
@article{qi2026mapping,
author = {Qi, Li and Gao, Zhishun and Pan, Xiaomin and Li, Jin and Yu, Yue and Wang, Kai and Li, Qianqian and Bai, Tongjian},
title = {{Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation}},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {741},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
issn = {2306-5354},
doi = {10.3390/
url = {https://
pmid = {42510407},
pmcid = {PMC13403437}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Qi, Li
AU - Gao, Zhishun
AU - Pan, Xiaomin
AU - Li, Jin
AU - Yu, Yue
AU - Wang, Kai
AU - Li, Qianqian
AU - Bai, Tongjian
TI - Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation
T2 - Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
J2 - Bioengineering (Basel)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 13
IS - 7
SP - 741
SN - 2306-5354
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DO - 10.3390/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"container-title": "Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)",
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"family": "Qi",
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"family": "Gao",
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{
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"given": "Xiaomin"
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"given": "Tongjian"
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"publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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}
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