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The Influence of Shared Attention and Friendship on Emotional Processing: A Behavioral and EEG Hyperscanning Study.

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Paper

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The authors' code

R · 42 lines · 1.2 KB · no license

  2. library(lme4) # 线性混合效应模型
  3. library(lmerTest) # 提供p值
  4. library(dplyr) # 数据处理
  5. library(readxl) # 读取Excel文件
  6. library(emmeans)
  7. library(afex)
  10. setwd("C:/Users/59314/Own/2025-2026/di3xueqi/New_data/0_behavior")
  11. data <- read_excel("all_data.xlsx")
  14. str(data)
  17. model_reduce <- lmer(Q1 ~ 1 +(1|SUB),
  18. data = data,
  19. control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"))
  20. model_full <- lmer(Q1 ~ 1 + RELA * JA * CON * POS * NAG + (1|SUB),
  21. data = data,
  22. control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"))
  23. model_Q1 <- lmer(Q1 ~ 1 + JA*CON+JA*POS*NAG+RELA*NAG + (1|SUB),
  24. data = data,
  25. control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"))
  26. model_Q2 <- lmer(Q2 ~ 1 + RELA * POS * NAG + (1|JA) + (1|CON) + (1|SUB),
  27. data = data,
  28. control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"))
  30. print(summary(model_Q1), digits = 5)
  31. print(summary(model_Q2), digits = 5)
  34. anova(model_full, model_Q1)
  36. mixed(Q2 ~ 1 + RELA * JA * CON * POS * NAG + (1|SUB) + (1|groupid) + (1|ios),
  37. data = data,
  38. control = lmerControl(optimizer = "bobyqa"),
  39. method = 'LRT')

LME.R, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Siyu Chen1, Meng Yang1, Chuyan Xu1, Conghui Liu1
ORCID iDs: Siyu Chen, Conghui Liu
  1. Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100086, China; (S.C.); (M.Y.); (C.X.)
Institutions: Renmin University of China (China)
Journal: Brain sciences, volume 16, issue 8, article 809
Dates: received 18 June 2026; accepted 24 July 2026; published online 30 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.3390/brainsci16080809 · PMID 42651120 · PMCID PMC13511084 · OpenAlex W7171799889
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Connectivity, Preprocessing, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: shared attention, friendship, emotional processing, EEG hyperscanning
Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization (Social Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Renmin University of China (RXB013)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 50 references in the paper

Abstract

Highlights: What are the main findings? Shared attention induced a positivity bias in emotional processing, an effect that was stronger in friend dyads than in stranger dyads. EEG hyperscanning revealed that shared attention increased beta and theta band inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal cortex for friends, whereas for strangers a significant interaction indicated a diverging pattern.

What are the implications of the main findings? The presence of a friend enhances the emotional benefits of shared experiences, supporting friendship as a resource for social emotion regulation. Band-specific prefrontal neural synchrony may serve as a neural marker for how social closeness facilitates positive emotional sharing.

Abstract: Background: Shared attention facilitates interpersonal emotional sharing, yet the neural mechanisms modulated by interpersonal relationships, emotional valence, and visual consistency remain unclear. Methods: This study recruited 39 dyads (22 friend dyads, 17 stranger dyads) who viewed neutral, positive, and negative images under shared or non-shared attention while image consistency between partners was manipulated. Emotional ratings and electroencephalography (EEG) inter-brain synchrony were recorded. Results: Behaviorally, shared attention shifted emotional processing toward positivity, especially in friend dyads. EEG hyperscanning revealed that shared attention was associated with increased beta and theta band inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal cortex for friends, but decreased synchrony for strangers, and alpha band synchrony decreased with shared attention when viewing consistent images. Conclusions: These findings reveal band-specific neural mechanisms through which shared attention modulates emotion across friendship, offering new insights into emotional regulation in social interactions.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

OSF nug57

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 81 files
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: EEGLAB (4 files), afex (2 files), emmeans (2 files), lme4 (2 files), lmerTest (2 files), tidyverse (2 files), ICLabel (1 file), Signal Processing Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
6 files
At the source: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NUG57

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 6 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

The original data, scripts and statistical model code presented in the study are openly available in https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NUG57.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 4 keywords, 1 funder, 48 references.

Cite

This paper

Chen, S., Yang, M., Xu, C., & Liu, C. (2026). The Influence of Shared Attention and Friendship on Emotional Processing: A Behavioral and EEG Hyperscanning Study. Brain sciences, 16(8), 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16080809

BibTeX

@article{chen2026influence,
author = {Chen, Siyu and Yang, Meng and Xu, Chuyan and Liu, Conghui},
title = {{The Influence of Shared Attention and Friendship on Emotional Processing: A Behavioral and EEG Hyperscanning Study}},
journal = {Brain sciences},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {809},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
issn = {2076-3425},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci16080809},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16080809},
pmid = {42651120},
pmcid = {PMC13511084}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Chen, Siyu
AU - Yang, Meng
AU - Xu, Chuyan
AU - Liu, Conghui
TI - The Influence of Shared Attention and Friendship on Emotional Processing: A Behavioral and EEG Hyperscanning Study
T2 - Brain sciences
J2 - Brain Sci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/30
VL - 16
IS - 8
SP - 809
SN - 2076-3425
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DO - 10.3390/brainsci16080809
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16080809
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"ISSN": "2076-3425",
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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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