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Influence of acculturation on the ERP correlates of self- and other-referencing.

Overview

Authors: Ashley Gilliam1,2, Qihao Xie1, Alena Lokhmanenko1, Angela Gutchess1
ORCID iDs: Ashley Gilliam, Angela Gutchess
  1. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
  2. Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, 100 Smith Wright Hall, 222 Joyce Lawrence Lane, Boone, NC 28608 USA
Institutions: Brandeis University (United States)
Journal: Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, volume 26, issue 5, pages 2241-2260
Dates: received 6 November 2025; accepted 7 April 2026; published online 27 May 2026; in print 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x · PMID 42204063 · PMCID PMC13614972 · OpenAlex W4411043522
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Preprint: doi:10.22541/au.174900993.36220491/v1
Status: code on request
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Connectivity, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: Acculturation, Self-reference effect, Memory, Late frontal positivity, Late positive potential, Cognitive strategies
MeSH: Acculturation*, Brain*, Evoked Potentials*, Memory*, Self Concept*, Adult, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing (Control and Systems Engineering, Engineering), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Brandeis University
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 115 references in the paper

Abstract

Acculturation, or cultural change in individuals through continuous contact between distinct cultural groups, is an important construct to study to understand the mechanisms behind effects of cultural background, values, and environment on thoughts and behaviors. This study examined the impact of acculturation on cognitive strategy usage, specifically investigating change in self- and other-referencing strategies in memory among Chinese international students as they acculturated to the US. The current study replicated in a new sample behavioral memory effects associated with acculturation. Importantly, it also extended research by examining the relationship between acculturation and ERP components (P300, late frontal positivity, late positive potential) that represent processes associated with memory strategies (self-/other-referencing) that differ across cultures. In a sample of 56 Chinese students studying in the US, we found that greater acculturation to the US was associated with a larger behavioral self-reference effect, contrasted by a smaller neural self-reference effect (late frontal positivity and late positive potential). However, results provide mixed support for cognitive differences with acculturation being due to one’s processing of the self and changes in one’s neural response to the degree of self-relatedness of information. Instead, we posit the potential for level of effortful processing, or the level of effort put forth to engage in a strategy, as a mechanism for culture's influence on memory strategy usage. Future research should explore these associations, including measuring change in EEG/ERP measures longitudinally over the course of the acculturation process.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

Code availability

Statistical analysis code in R or other research materials are available upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

A tracing map links a paper to the code its authors published: this paper has none (its code is available on request), so it has no map.

Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

De-identified and averaged data and raw EEG data files (.bdf) are available on OSF.io (https://osf.io/dvwcp/files?view_only=abb08b6571c944638e4693bdb7e86060). Original study materials (not sourced or copyrighted from elsewhere) may be available upon reasonable request. This study was preregistered using the Preregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychology (PRP-QUANT) Template and can be found on OSF.io (https://osf.io/dvwcp/overview?view_only=abb08b6571c944638e4693bdb7e86060).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Open practices statement

De-identified and averaged data and raw EEG data files (.bdf) are available on OSF.io (https://osf.io/dvwcp/files?view_only=abb08b6571c944638e4693bdb7e86060). Statistical analysis code in R or other research materials are available upon reasonable request. This study was preregistered using the Preregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychology (PRP-QUANT) Template and can be found on OSF.io (https://osf.io/dvwcp/overview?view_only=abb08b6571c944638e4693bdb7e86060).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: n/a → Springer Science+Business Media
  • Funding: added Brandeis University

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 6 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 83 references.

Cite

This paper

Gilliam, A., Xie, Q., Lokhmanenko, A., & Gutchess, A. (2026). Influence of acculturation on the ERP correlates of self- and other-referencing. Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 26(5), 2241-2260. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x

BibTeX

@article{gilliam2026influence,
author = {Gilliam, Ashley and Xie, Qihao and Lokhmanenko, Alena and Gutchess, Angela},
title = {{Influence of acculturation on the ERP correlates of self- and other-referencing}},
journal = {Cognitive, affective \& behavioral neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {2241--2260},
publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media},
issn = {1530-7026},
doi = {10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x},
pmid = {42204063},
pmcid = {PMC13614972}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Gilliam, Ashley
AU - Xie, Qihao
AU - Lokhmanenko, Alena
AU - Gutchess, Angela
TI - Influence of acculturation on the ERP correlates of self- and other-referencing
T2 - Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
J2 - Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/27
VL - 26
IS - 5
SP - 2241
EP - 2260
SN - 1530-7026
PB - Springer Science+Business Media
DO - 10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x
UR - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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