OSCR

Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan.

Overview

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland
  2. BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital Aalto University and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
Journal: Human brain mapping, volume 47, issue 4, article e70484
Dates: received 30 September 2025; accepted 14 February 2026; published online 26 February 2026; in print March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1002/hbm.70484 · PMID 41755554 · PMCID PMC12946715 · OpenAlex W7131857655
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: MEG (modality), human (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Preprocessing, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Connectivity, Evoked potentials
Keywords: aging, brain oscillations, functional connectivity, lifespan, magnetoencephalography, meg, resting‐state, sensorimotor attenuation
MeSH: Aging*, Brain Waves*, Cerebral Cortex*, Connectome*, Nerve Net*, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NINDS (R01NS104585); Helsinki Uusimaa Regional Council; Business Finland (DIGIMIND 7981/31/2022); Norman Loveless Memorial Fund; Svenska Kulturfonden; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H008217/1); UK Medical Research Council and University of Cambridge
Citations: cited by 3 papers (Europe PMC); 103 references in the paper

Abstract

The operation of the human brain relies on functional networks enabled by inter‐areal oscillatory synchronization between neuronal populations. Although disruptions in this functional connectivity are associated with brain disorders, evidence on its healthy age‐dependent variation and behavioral relevance remains limited. Utilizing magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 576 adults aged 18–87 years, we investigated the evolution of resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) across the healthy adult lifespan. We observed age‐related, frequency‐specific changes in widespread cortical networks. Alpha‐band (8–13 Hz) rs‐FC decreased, while delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), and gamma‐band (40–90 Hz) rs‐FC increased with age. Beta‐band (13–30 Hz) rs‐FC followed a non‐linear trajectory, peaking in middle age. The global delta, theta, alpha, and beta‐band patterns differed from concurrent changes in oscillatory power, underscoring their dissociable contributions. Notably, reduced beta‐band rs‐FC was associated with increased sensorimotor attenuation, indicating that changes in rs‐FC are behaviorally relevant for sensorimotor function. These findings advance our understanding of healthy brain aging and highlight a link between resting‐state brain activity and sensorimotor integration.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

camcan-archive.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/dataaccess

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026
Evidence: the link answers
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

The original MEG, MRI, and behavioral data are available upon request from the Cam‐CAN data repository (https://camcan‐archive.mrc‐cbu.cam.ac.uk//dataaccess/ (https://camcan-archive.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk//dataaccess/)). The code developed and used in this study is available upon request from the corresponding author.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 8 keywords, 16 MeSH terms, 7 funders, 102 references.

Cite

This paper

Ruuskanen, S., Avendano‐Diaz, J. C., Liljeström, M., & Parkkonen, L. (2026). Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan. Human brain mapping, 47(4), e70484. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70484

BibTeX

@article{ruuskanen2026frequency,
author = {Ruuskanen, Santeri and Avendano‐Diaz, Juan Camilo and Liljeström, Mia and Parkkonen, Lauri},
title = {{Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan}},
journal = {Human brain mapping},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {e70484},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {1065-9471},
doi = {10.1002/hbm.70484},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70484},
pmid = {41755554},
pmcid = {PMC12946715}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ruuskanen, Santeri
AU - Avendano‐Diaz, Juan Camilo
AU - Liljeström, Mia
AU - Parkkonen, Lauri
TI - Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan
T2 - Human brain mapping
J2 - Hum Brain Mapp
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/01
VL - 47
IS - 4
SP - e70484
SN - 1065-9471
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/hbm.70484
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70484
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1002/hbm.70484",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan",
"container-title": "Human brain mapping",
"author": [
{
"family": "Ruuskanen",
"given": "Santeri"
},
{
"family": "Avendano‐Diaz",
"given": "Juan Camilo"
},
{
"family": "Liljeström",
"given": "Mia"
},
{
"family": "Parkkonen",
"given": "Lauri"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Hum Brain Mapp",
"volume": "47",
"issue": "4",
"page": "e70484",
"DOI": "10.1002/hbm.70484",
"PMID": "41755554",
"PMCID": "PMC12946715",
"ISSN": "1065-9471",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70484",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
3,
1
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353371 [code]
Inter-brain functional connectivity: Are we measuring the right thing?
Journal: PloS one
In common: MEG, 6 references, 2 authors
[2] doi:10.1002/hbm.70516 [code]
Effects of Age on Resting-State Cortical Networks.
Journal: Human brain mapping
In common: MEG, 12 references
[3] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73553-8 [code]
Universal rhythmic architecture uncovers two modes of neural dynamics.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: 9 references
[4] doi:10.1162/imag.a.1245 [code]
Towards precision EEG connectomics: Evaluating the benefits of dense sampling.
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
In common: 9 references
[5] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10751-6 [code]
Frequency-specific cortical subnetworks support fast human swallowing.
Journal: Communications biology
In common: MEG, systems, 7 references
[6] doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag153 [code]
Dual-site theta stimulation modulates connectivity, but not sequence memory in older adults.
Journal: Brain communications
In common: 8 references
[7] doi:10.1162/netn.a.550 [code]
Evaluating oscillatory mechanisms underlying flexible neural communication in the human brain.
Journal: Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
In common: MEG, systems, 6 references
[8] doi:10.1111/ejn.70598 [code]
Enhanced Time-Locked Decoding for Spoken Words but Not Environmental Sounds in Natural-Like Auditory Conditions.
Journal: The European journal of neuroscience
In common: MEG, 7 references
[9] doi:10.1162/netn_a_00453 [code]
Joint estimation of source dynamics and interactions from MEG data
Journal: n/a
In common: MEG, 3 references, author Lauri Parkkonen
[10] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10445-z
Structure-function coupling of large-scale cortical networks across the lifespan is spectrally specific.
Journal: Communications biology
In common: MEG, systems, 5 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.