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Evaluating the N1-P2 Interpeak Latency of the eCAP and Its Intertrial Variability as Potential Indicators of Neural Synchrony in the Auditory Nerve of Cochlear Implant Users.

Overview

Authors: Shuman He1, Ian C. Bruce2, Zi Gao1, Ross A. Aiello3, Christopher R. Mueller1
ORCID iDs: Shuman He, Ian C. Bruce, Zi Gao
  1. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University,915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43212 USA
  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
  3. Department Mechanic Engineering & Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis,St. Louis, MO 63105 USA
Institutions: The Ohio State University (United States); McMaster University (Canada); Washington University in St. Louis (United States)
Journal: Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, volume 27, issue 4, pages 583-609
Dates: received 27 August 2025; accepted 20 April 2026; published online 11 May 2026; in print August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1 · PMID 42115509 · PMCID PMC13428357 · OpenAlex W7160852133
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: human (organism), other condition (population), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Spectral & time-frequency, Evoked potentials
Keywords: Electrical stimulation, Auditory nerve, Neural synchrony, Interpeak latency
MeSH: Cochlear Implants*, Cochlear Nerve*, Evoked Potentials, Auditory*, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hearing Loss, Central, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Speech Perception, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC016038, 1R01 DC017846, R21 DC019458, R01DC022051-01A1); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2024-05888)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 60 references in the paper

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated interpeak latency (IPL) and its intertrial variability (IPLVAR) of the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) as potential alternatives to the phase-locking value (PLV) for quantifying auditory nerve (AN) synchrony in cochlear implant (CI) users.

Design: The IPL and IPLVAR were assessed in 28 postlingually deafened adults, 37 children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD), 43 children with cochlear nerve deficiency, and 38 children with typical sensorineural hearing loss. All participant groups include both male and female participants. Their associations with temporal resolution and speech perception outcomes were evaluated in children with ANSD and/or adult CI users. Frequency analysis was conducted to understand the impacts of eCAP recording noise on the IPL, IPLVAR, and PLV. Simulations of intertrial jitter in the eCAP were performed to quantify how the IPL, IPLVAR, and PLV metrics varied with increased temporal jitter and its interaction with recording noise level and sampling rate.

Results: eCAP traces recorded in all patient groups showed a multipoint peak issue affecting the accuracy of IPL and IPLVAR assessments. Temporal resolution and speech perception outcomes were significantly correlated with IPLVAR but not with IPL metrics. The PLV was impacted less by recording noise than either the IPL or the IPLVAR. Simulation results revealed that the IPL was less sensitive to the amount of intertrial jitter in the eCAP than were the IPLVAR and the PLV.

Conclusions: The IPL is not a reliable indicator of AN synchrony. The IPLVAR is indicative of neural synchrony in the AN; however, it is more strongly affected by high levels of eCAP recording noise than the PLV. The PLV is therefore the preferred measure for quantifying neural synchrony in the AN in CI users.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

Code Availability

The programming code used in this study is available from the authors upon reasonable request with permission from The Ohio State University.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the authors upon reasonable request with permissions from The Ohio State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 4 keywords, 15 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 59 references.

Cite

This paper

He, S., Bruce, I. C., Gao, Z., Aiello, R. A., & Mueller, C. R. (2026). Evaluating the N1-P2 Interpeak Latency of the eCAP and Its Intertrial Variability as Potential Indicators of Neural Synchrony in the Auditory Nerve of Cochlear Implant Users. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 27(4), 583-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1

BibTeX

@article{he2026evaluating,
author = {He, Shuman and Bruce, Ian C. and Gao, Zi and Aiello, Ross A. and Mueller, Christopher R.},
title = {{Evaluating the N1-P2 Interpeak Latency of the eCAP and Its Intertrial Variability as Potential Indicators of Neural Synchrony in the Auditory Nerve of Cochlear Implant Users}},
journal = {Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {583--609},
publisher = {Springer},
issn = {1525-3961},
doi = {10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1},
pmid = {42115509},
pmcid = {PMC13428357}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - He, Shuman
AU - Bruce, Ian C.
AU - Gao, Zi
AU - Aiello, Ross A.
AU - Mueller, Christopher R.
TI - Evaluating the N1-P2 Interpeak Latency of the eCAP and Its Intertrial Variability as Potential Indicators of Neural Synchrony in the Auditory Nerve of Cochlear Implant Users
T2 - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
J2 - J Assoc Res Otolaryngol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/11
VL - 27
IS - 4
SP - 583
EP - 609
SN - 1525-3961
PB - Springer
DO - 10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1
UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-026-01051-1
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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