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Model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain vary markedly in relation to individual differences in behavioral control.

Code ↔ Paper

15 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 15 matches · 3 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § STAR★METHODS › METHOD DETAILS › Task design ↔ task_code/defineRewardProbability.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.85 · decay slope, Sigmoid function, reward probabilities, asymptote, reversal, reversed
  2. [2] § STAR★METHODS › EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND STUDY PARTICIPANT DETAILS › Exclusion Criteria ↔ motion_threshold_exclusion.py, lines 131–191 · score 0.84 · motion threshold, head motion, framewise displacement, FD threshold, confounds, volumes
  3. [3] § STAR★METHODS › QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS › Functional data preprocessing ↔ motion_threshold_exclusion.py, lines 131–191 · score 0.78 · Head motion, framewise displacement, derivatives, Frames, fMRIPrep, thresholding
  4. [4] § RESULTS › Computational variables and behavioral clusters ↔ supplemented_analysis/comp_variables_model_BIC_groups.m, lines 616–671 · score 0.74 · fixed weight mixture, model comparison, arbitration mixture model, MF model, MB model, AIC
  5. [5] § STAR★METHODS › QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS › Functional MRI data analysis ↔ motion_threshold_exclusion.py, lines 193–231 · score 0.71 · framewise displacement, FD threshold, fMRI, motion, volumes
  6. [6] § STAR★METHODS › METHOD DETAILS › Task design ↔ task_code/buildTrials_dynamic.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.68 · reward probabilities, terminal states, dynamics, reward contingency, state transition, block
  7. [7] § STAR★METHODS › QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS › Computational Models ↔ comp_variables_model_BIC.m, lines 104–180 · score 0.62 · candidate models, Fixed weight Mixture, Arbitration Mixture model, variables, MF, MB
  8. [8] § STAR★METHODS › QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS › Computational Models ↔ supplemented_analysis/comp_variables_model_BIC_groups.m, lines 185–271 · score 0.62 · candidate models, Fixed weight Mixture, Arbitration Mixture model, variables, MF, MB
  9. [9] § RESULTS › Computational variables and behavioral clusters ↔ supplemented_analysis/generateData_magMF_binMB_mbRPE_mfRPE_SPE_rewMag_WSLS.m, lines 357–437 · score 0.61 · state prediction errors, terminal state, MF RPE, MB RPE, binary, SPEs
  10. [10] § STAR★METHODS › METHOD DETAILS › Space miner task ↔ task_code/initIO.m, lines 64–162 · score 0.60 · yellow ship, South, landing pad, North, gem, space
  11. [11] § STAR★METHODS › METHOD DETAILS › Task design ↔ supplemented_analysis/generateData_magMF_binMB_mbRPE_mfRPE_SPE_rewMag_WSLS.m, lines 86–127 · score 0.58 · MB RPEs, terminal states, transition probabilities, landing pads, State transition, planet
  12. [12] § RESULTS › Sub-group differences in neural correlates of MB and MF decision values ↔ ROI_betas_group_stats.m, lines 155–199 · score 0.58 · beta coefficients, vmPFC, MF decision, MB decision, ROI, Sub
  13. [13] § RESULTS › Computational variables and behavioral clusters ↔ cluster_allocation.m, lines 58–177 · score 0.51 · outcome transition coefficients, clustering features, centroids, mixture, MF, MB
  14. [14] § STAR★METHODS › QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS › Behavioral Clustering ↔ cluster_features_generation.m, lines 1–134 · score 0.51 · clustering features, outcome transition, intercept, RT, regression, model
  15. [15] § STAR★METHODS › METHOD DETAILS › Task design ↔ task_code/buildTrials_dynamic.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.50 · terminal states, offset, transition probabilities, State transition, reward magnitude, switched

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Python · 235 lines · 6.4 KB · no license · 3 matches

The registry keeps no copy of this file: its repository has no license, so its authors keep all their rights to it. Your browser shows it from its source, with JavaScript.

It can be read at the source: motion_threshold_exclusion.py.

Overview

Authors: Weilun Ding1, Jeffrey Cockburn1,2, Julia Pia Simon1, Amogh Johri1, Scarlet J Cho1,3, Sarah Oh1,4, Jamie D Feusner5,6,7, Reza Tadayonnejad1,8,9, John P O’Doherty1,10
ORCID iDs: Jamie D Feusner
  1. Division of Humanities & Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
  2. Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
  3. Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
  4. Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
  5. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  7. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  8. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  9. TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  10. Lead contact
Institutions: California Institute of Technology (United States); University of Iowa (United States); University of California, Irvine (United States); University of California, Berkeley (United States); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Canada); University of Toronto (Canada); Karolinska Institutet (Sweden); University of California, Los Angeles (United States)
Journal: Cell reports, volume 45, issue 6, article 117454
Dates: published online 1 June 2026; in print 23 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454 · PMID 42228569 · PMCID PMC13427246 · OpenAlex W7162989927
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Reinforcement Learning, Individual Differences, Prediction Errors, Cp: Neuroscience, Decision Value, Model-based Model-free
MeSH: Behavior*, Brain*, Individuality*, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prefrontal Cortex, Reinforcement Machine Learning, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NIMH NIH HHS (R01 MH121089); University of California; National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH121089); California Institute of Technology
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 76 references in the paper
Research resources: RRID:SCR_001362, MATLAB R2020b RRID:SCR_001622, RRID:SCR_00184765, RRID:SCR_00243866, which is based on Nipype 1.8.661 RRID:SCR_002502, RRID:SCR_00282364, Psychtoolbox- RRID:SCR_002881, 62 distributed with ANTs63 RRID:SCR_004757, RRID:SCR_005927, SPM12 RRID:SCR_007037, Python 3.11 RRID:SCR_008394, RRID:SCR_008796, fMRIPrep 23.1.3 RRID:SCR_016216

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 15 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

Gentu-Ding/2-step-task-MBMF-fMRI-code

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 53dffece52606047922027eeae59745e09566844, 8 June 2026
Languages: MATLAB (54), Python (1)
Size: 1,604 files, 55 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data and code availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (17 files), Psychtoolbox (9 files), SPM (2 files), Matplotlib (1 file), NumPy (1 file), pandas (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
56 files, not copied: shown from their source

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At the source: github.com/Gentu-Ding/2-step-task-MBMF-fMRI-code.git

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 55 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 15 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Code and data availability statement

The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454.

Versions

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: — → Cell Press

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 6 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 62 references, 13 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Ding, W., Cockburn, J., Simon, J. P., Johri, A., Cho, S. J., Oh, S., Feusner, J. D., Tadayonnejad, R., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2026). Model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain vary markedly in relation to individual differences in behavioral control. Cell reports, 45(6), 117454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454

BibTeX

@article{ding2026model,
author = {Ding, Weilun and Cockburn, Jeffrey and Simon, Julia Pia and Johri, Amogh and Cho, Scarlet J and Oh, Sarah and Feusner, Jamie D and Tadayonnejad, Reza and O’Doherty, John P},
title = {{Model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain vary markedly in relation to individual differences in behavioral control}},
journal = {Cell reports},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {117454},
publisher = {Cell Press},
issn = {2211-1247},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454},
pmid = {42228569},
pmcid = {PMC13427246}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ding, Weilun
AU - Cockburn, Jeffrey
AU - Simon, Julia Pia
AU - Johri, Amogh
AU - Cho, Scarlet J
AU - Oh, Sarah
AU - Feusner, Jamie D
AU - Tadayonnejad, Reza
AU - O’Doherty, John P
TI - Model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain vary markedly in relation to individual differences in behavioral control
T2 - Cell reports
J2 - Cell Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
VL - 45
IS - 6
SP - 117454
SN - 2211-1247
PB - Cell Press
DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117454
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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