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Effects of fipronil bait pellets on two cricetid species: Potential implications for plague mitigation and wildlife conservation.

Overview

Authors: David A. Eads1,2, Marc R. Matchett3, Travis M. Livieri4, Richard A. Bowen5, Airn E. Hartwig5, Stephanie Porter5, Mary L. Wright6, Jason Fly7, Madisen Hartlaub4, Phillip Dobesh8, Paul Roghair7, Eddie Childers7, John P. Hughes6, Michelle L. Hladik9, Gregory P. Dooley10, Brian J. Smith11, Rachel A. LaCasse11, Kristy Bly12, Dean E. Biggins1,6
ORCID iDs: David A. Eads, Marc R. Matchett, Travis M. Livieri, Stephanie Porter, Eddie Childers, Michelle L. Hladik
  1. U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
  2. Eads Ecological Services LLC, Longmont, CO, 80504, USA
  3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT, 59457, USA
  4. Prairie Wildlife Research, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
  5. Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
  6. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center, Carr, CO, 80612, USA
  7. National Park Service, Badlands National Park, Interior, SD, 57750, USA
  8. U.S. Forest Service, Wall Ranger District, Wall, SD, 57790, USA
  9. U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
  10. College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
  11. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
  12. World Wildlife Fund, Northern Great Plains Program, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
Institutions: Fort Collins Science Center (United States); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (United States); Colorado State University (United States); National Park Service (United States); Badlands National Park (United States); US Forest Service (United States); United States Geological Survey (United States); California Water Science Center (United States); National Institutes of Health (United States); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States); World Wildlife Fund (United States)
Journal: International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, volume 30, article 101239
Dates: received 8 January 2026; accepted 19 May 2026; published online 22 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239 · PMID 42255718 · PMCID PMC13235477 · OpenAlex W7162109406
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: mouse (organism), other (organism), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Cricetid, Fipronil, Flea, Mouse, Plague, Pulicide
Topic: Insect and Pesticide Research (Insect Science, Agricultural and Biological Sciences), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Park Service; NPS; U.S. Forest Service
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 60 references in the paper

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of fipronil bait pellets on two cricetids that commonly occupy colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus; BTPDs): western deer mice (Peromyscus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster). In one experiment, bait pellets (0.96 mg fipronil/bait) were applied at 75 baits/ha to three 1.44-ha plots on a BTPD colony. Mouse abundance declined by 70% from before to 6-10 d after treatment. In a second experiment, bait pellets (0.46 or 1.52 mg fipronil/bait) were applied at 125 baits/ha to four plots (0.85-1.86 ha) on two BTPD colonies; two non-treated plots were baselines (1.09 and 2.06 ha). From before to 11-15 d after treatment, mouse abundance declined by 51%- 67% on the treated plots vs. a decline of 9% on the non-treated plots. Mouse survival from before to 11-15 d after treatment was 51% lower on the treated plots. In a third experiment, bait pellets (0.84 mg fipronil/bait) were applied at 125 baits/acre on two 1.44-ha plots on a BTPD colony; two 1.44-ha non-treated plots were baselines. Mouse survival from before to 30-44 d after treatment was 45% lower on the treated plots; the abundance of deer mice on the treated plots remained similar from before to 30-44 d after treatment, perhaps due to juvenile recruitment and/or immigration. In a laboratory experiment, 33 deer mice offered one bait pellet (0.86 mg fipronil/bait) consumed 27% of their bait, on average (range = 0-100%). Over 3 d, deer mouse mortality was estimated at 53%; mortality increased with fipronil dose, which averaged 11 mg fipronil/kg body mass (range = 3-46 mg/kg). Brain samples were available from 31 deer mice; all tested positive for fipronil sulfone, the primary mammalian metabolite of fipronil, at 19 to 61,205 ng fipronil sulfone/g. Additional experiments could determine if these findings scale up to larger landscapes.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

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Versions

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Authors: added David A. Eads (0000-0002-4247-017X); Marc R. Matchett (0000-0002-4339-0542); Travis M. Livieri (0000-0001-9092-7499); Eddie Childers (0009-0006-9432-5595); Michelle L. Hladik (0000-0002-0891-2712); removed David A. Eads; Marc R. Matchett; Travis M. Livieri; Eddie Childers; Michelle L. Hladik

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 19 authors, 6 keywords, 3 funders, 28 references.

Cite

This paper

Eads, D. A., Matchett, M. R., Livieri, T. M., Bowen, R. A., Hartwig, A. E., Porter, S., Wright, M. L., Fly, J., Hartlaub, M., Dobesh, P., Roghair, P., Childers, E., Hughes, J. P., Hladik, M. L., Dooley, G. P., Smith, B. J., LaCasse, R. A., Bly, K., & Biggins, D. E. (2026). Effects of fipronil bait pellets on two cricetid species: Potential implications for plague mitigation and wildlife conservation. International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 30, 101239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239

BibTeX

@article{eads2026effects,
author = {Eads, David A. and Matchett, Marc R. and Livieri, Travis M. and Bowen, Richard A. and Hartwig, Airn E. and Porter, Stephanie and Wright, Mary L. and Fly, Jason and Hartlaub, Madisen and Dobesh, Phillip and Roghair, Paul and Childers, Eddie and Hughes, John P. and Hladik, Michelle L. and Dooley, Gregory P. and Smith, Brian J. and LaCasse, Rachel A. and Bly, Kristy and Biggins, Dean E.},
title = {{Effects of fipronil bait pellets on two cricetid species: Potential implications for plague mitigation and wildlife conservation}},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {30},
pages = {101239},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2213-2244},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239},
pmid = {42255718},
pmcid = {PMC13235477}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Eads, David A.
AU - Matchett, Marc R.
AU - Livieri, Travis M.
AU - Bowen, Richard A.
AU - Hartwig, Airn E.
AU - Porter, Stephanie
AU - Wright, Mary L.
AU - Fly, Jason
AU - Hartlaub, Madisen
AU - Dobesh, Phillip
AU - Roghair, Paul
AU - Childers, Eddie
AU - Hughes, John P.
AU - Hladik, Michelle L.
AU - Dooley, Gregory P.
AU - Smith, Brian J.
AU - LaCasse, Rachel A.
AU - Bly, Kristy
AU - Biggins, Dean E.
TI - Effects of fipronil bait pellets on two cricetid species: Potential implications for plague mitigation and wildlife conservation
T2 - International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife
J2 - Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/22
VL - 30
SP - 101239
SN - 2213-2244
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101239
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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