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Sustained activity of human substantia nigra neurons reflect prior rewards.

Code ↔ Paper

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  1. [1] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Model implementation and inference ↔ modeling/likelihood_functions/lik_M2WSLS_v1.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.77 · negative log likelihood, lose shift, choice probabilities, Win stay, models, Rewards · Report a mismatch
  2. [2] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Computational modeling of behavior ↔ modeling/simulation_functions/simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1_ZI.m, lines 11 to 36 · score 0.66 · Rescorla Wagner, prediction error, simulated, SoftMax, RPE, model · Report a mismatch
  3. [3] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Model implementation and inference ↔ modeling/likelihood_functions/lik_M1random_v1.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.65 · negative log likelihood, choice probabilities, M1, fitted, models · Report a mismatch
  4. [4] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Computational modeling of behavior ↔ modeling/simulation_functions/simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1.m, lines 11 to 36 · score 0.65 · Rescorla Wagner, prediction error, simulated, SoftMax, model, reward · Report a mismatch
  5. [5] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Computational modeling of behavior ↔ modeling/fitting_functions/fit_all_v1.m, lines 8 to 26 · score 0.63 · better fit, model parameters, Rescorla Wagner · Report a mismatch
  6. [6] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Computational modeling of behavior ↔ modeling/fitting_functions/fit_all_v1_ZI.m, lines 8 to 30 · score 0.63 · better fit, model parameters, Rescorla Wagner · Report a mismatch
  7. [7] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Model implementation and inference ↔ modeling/simulation_functions/simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1.m, lines 11 to 36 · score 0.58 · Rescorla Wagner, choice probabilities, M3, softmax, model · Report a mismatch
  8. [8] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Model implementation and inference ↔ modeling/simulation_functions/simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1_ZI.m, lines 11 to 36 · score 0.58 · Rescorla Wagner, choice probabilities, M3, softmax, model · Report a mismatch
  9. [9] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Model implementation and inference ↔ modeling/fitting_functions/fit_M3RescorlaWagner_v1.m, lines 5 to 26 · score 0.56 · Bayesian Information Criterion, LL, likelihood, RW, BIC, model · Report a mismatch
  10. [10] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Electrophysiological data collection ↔ N2_Standalone_textGUI_AlphaOmega.m, lines 38 to 90 · score 0.51 · Alpha Omega, threshold, signal, clusters, spiking · Report a mismatch

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser; OSCR does not store it: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 37 lines · 967 B · no license · 2 matches

  1. % As an input, this function will take:
  2. % - number of trials
  3. % - the mean reward for each bandit
  4. % - learning rate alpha
  5. % - softmax parameter beta
  6. % As an output, this function will return:
  7. % - the sequence of actions chosen by the model
  8. % - the sequence of rewards received by the model (0/1)
  9. function [a, r, rpe] = simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1_ZI(T, mu, alpha, beta, reversal_trials)
  10. % initialise Q values for each of the two options
  11. Q = [0.5 0.5];
  12. % loop over trials
  13. for t = 1:T
  14. if any(reversal_trials(:) == t)
  15. mu = flip(mu);
  16. end
  17. % compute choice probabilities using softmax formula
  18. p = exp(beta*Q) / sum(exp(beta*Q));
  19. % make choice according to choice probababilities
  20. a(t) = choose(p);
  21. % generate reward based on choice
  22. r(t) = rand < mu(a(t));
  23. % update values using prediction error term
  24. delta = r(t) - Q(a(t));
  25. rpe(t) = delta;
  26. Q(a(t)) = Q(a(t)) + alpha * delta;
  27. end

simulate_M3RescorlaWagner_v1_ZI.m at commit 95a7b8f, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Zarghona Imtiaz1, Ayaka Kato2, Brian H. Kopell3,4, Salman E. Qasim2, Arianna Neal Davis1, Lizbeth Nunez Martinez1, Matthew Heflin2, Kaustubh Kulkarni2, Amr Morsi3,4, Alexander W. Charney2,5, Xiaosi Gu1,2,3, Ignacio Saez1,3,4
ORCID iDs: Ignacio Saez
  1. Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  2. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  4. Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  5. Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Institutions: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (United States)
Journal: iScience, volume 29, issue 4, article 115458
Dates: received 3 June 2025; accepted 19 March 2026; published online 21 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458 · PMID 42006305 · PMCID PMC13090738 · OpenAlex W7139995889
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: human (organism)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Connectivity
Keywords: Health sciences
Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep (Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships; National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA043695, R21DA049243); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (R21MH120789, R01MH122611, R01MH123069, R01MH124115, R01MH124763, R01MH104606); National Science Foundation (2319580)
Citations: cited by 3 papers (Europe PMC); 65 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 10 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

zarghonai/single_unit

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 95a7b8fd4c85e3f075d9feeb2aa99f6d8334696e, 3 July 2024
Languages: MATLAB (46)
Size: 52 files, 46 scripts
Software Heritage: archived
Found in: “Data and code availability”
Holds: README, 5 notebooks
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers
  • 30 September 2026: the link answers
47 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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  • 46 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 10 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Code and data availability statement

The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it points to the authors' code: zarghonai/single_unit
  • it says that the data are available on request
  • it says that the code is available on request

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 1 keyword, 4 funders, 62 references.

Cite

This paper

Imtiaz, Z., Kato, A., Kopell, B. H., Qasim, S. E., Davis, A. N., Martinez, L. N., Heflin, M., Kulkarni, K., Morsi, A., Charney, A. W., Gu, X., & Saez, I. (2026). Sustained activity of human substantia nigra neurons reflect prior rewards. iScience, 29(4), 115458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458

BibTeX

@article{imtiaz2026sustained,
author = {Imtiaz, Zarghona and Kato, Ayaka and Kopell, Brian H. and Qasim, Salman E. and Davis, Arianna Neal and Martinez, Lizbeth Nunez and Heflin, Matthew and Kulkarni, Kaustubh and Morsi, Amr and Charney, Alexander W. and Gu, Xiaosi and Saez, Ignacio},
title = {{Sustained activity of human substantia nigra neurons reflect prior rewards}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {115458},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458},
pmid = {42006305},
pmcid = {PMC13090738}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Imtiaz, Zarghona
AU - Kato, Ayaka
AU - Kopell, Brian H.
AU - Qasim, Salman E.
AU - Davis, Arianna Neal
AU - Martinez, Lizbeth Nunez
AU - Heflin, Matthew
AU - Kulkarni, Kaustubh
AU - Morsi, Amr
AU - Charney, Alexander W.
AU - Gu, Xiaosi
AU - Saez, Ignacio
TI - Sustained activity of human substantia nigra neurons reflect prior rewards
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/21
VL - 29
IS - 4
SP - 115458
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115458
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"family": "Qasim",
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"language": "en",
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"date-parts": [
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