Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal.
Paper
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The authors' code
MATLAB · 4 lines · 147 B · CC-BY-4.0
- function runFlyShakerGUI
- % runFlyShakerGUI Launch FlyShaker GUI (wrapper).
- FlyShakerGUI_App(); % object persists via figure callbacks
- end
FlyShakerGUI.m, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source
Overview
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, California State University- East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
Abstract
Sleep is a widespread yet incompletely understood phenomenon, and animals exhibit diverse arousal states beyond the simple binary of sleep and wake. Essential behaviors such as feeding, courtship, and escape often compete with sleep, and biogenic amines—including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin—help regulate these behavioral states across species. Here, we leverage the small number and well-defined connectivity of neuromodulatory neurons in Drosophila to investigate how specific octopamine (OA) neurons regulate sleep and arousal. We focus on a pair of OA neurons, VPM3, which project broadly to the mushroom body (MB) and central complex (CX). We find that VPM3 neurons are sexually monomorphic, required for sleep suppression and male courtship, and modulated by sleep history. In addition, the male-specific fruitless isoform in these neurons is necessary for sleep regulation. Combining connectomics with targeted genetic manipulations, we identify key inputs from the CX, MB-mediated downstream pathways, and OA receptor signaling that together reveal how OA circuits coordinate sleep and arousal states.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
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Zenodo 18471737
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
3 files
- FlyShakerGUI.m, MATLAB, 4 lines
- FlyShakerGUI_App.m, MATLAB, 376 lines
- Fly_shaker_Controls.m, MATLAB, 91 lines
cgoina/pysolo-tools
aac8f9a3ef3d5fc68aaed4bd98cfda23511165a0, 20 March 2024Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
- 28 September 2026: the link answers
11 files
- pysolo_app.py, Python, 243 lines
- pysolo_config.py, Python, 423 lines
- pysolo_eval_background.p
y , Python, 62 lines - pysolo_form_widget.py, Python, 810 lines
- pysolo_image_widget.py, Python, 273 lines
- pysolo_mask_widget.py, Python, 242 lines
- pysolo_maskmaker.py, Python, 180 lines
- pysolo_tracker.py, Python, 125 lines
- pysolo_video.py, Python, 950 lines
- LICENSE.txt, License, 674 lines
- README.md, Text, 52 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
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What the map holds:
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- 12 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- no match between paragraphs and code yet;
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Data
Datasets cited
- kristinbranson.github.io
/ , at kristinbranson.github.io; found in the text, “VPM3 neurons mediate context-specific arousal”babam
Data and code availability
All data reported in this article are available from the lead contact upon request. This study did not generate new code. MATLAB scripts used for behavioral analyses and visualizing data are available from the lead contact upon request. MATLAB code used for delivering sine pulses is available here: https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 2 keywords, 4 funders, 93 references, 4 RRIDs.
Cite
This paper
Reyes, M., Lee, Y. S., Ali, M. M., Sundaramurthi, P., Dhungana, N., Nguyen, A., Zimmerman, T., Capponi, S., & Sitaraman, D. (2026). Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal. iScience, 29(5), 115564. https://
BibTeX
@article{reyes2026octopa
author = {Reyes, Martin and Lee, Yi Shen and Ali, Maria Muhammad and Sundaramurthi, Preeti and Dhungana, Namrata and Nguyen, Amanda and Zimmerman, Thomas and Capponi, Sara and Sitaraman, Divya},
title = {{Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {115564},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42058909},
pmcid = {PMC13122709}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Reyes, Martin
AU - Lee, Yi Shen
AU - Ali, Maria Muhammad
AU - Sundaramurthi, Preeti
AU - Dhungana, Namrata
AU - Nguyen, Amanda
AU - Zimmerman, Thomas
AU - Capponi, Sara
AU - Sitaraman, Divya
TI - Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 29
IS - 5
SP - 115564
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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