Digital Immunoassays for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers Using Solid-State Nanopores.

Code ↔ Paper

The paper beside its authors' code: matches between them have not been computed for this paper yet.

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser; OSCR does not store it: doi.org · Europe PMC

The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.

The paper is loaded by your browser, with JavaScript: read it at doi.org or on Europe PMC.

The authors' code

C · 265 lines · 9.6 KB · GPL-3.0

/*
bessel.c is a C port of select functions from the
python library bessel filter implementation, scipy.signal.bessel.
Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Enthought, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2003-2016 SciPy Developers.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
a. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
b. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
c. Neither the name of Enthought nor the names of the SciPy Developers
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include"bessel.h"
void filter_signal(double *signal, double *paddedsignal, bessel *lpfilter, int64_t length)
{
int64_t i;
int64_t p;
int64_t end;
int64_t order = lpfilter->order;
int64_t padding = lpfilter->padding;
double *temp = lpfilter->temp;
double *dcof = lpfilter->dcof;
double *ccof = lpfilter->ccof;
end = length+2*(order+padding);
int64_t imax = order+padding;
double start_padval = signal_average(signal,padding);
double end_padval = signal_average(&signal[length - padding], padding);
for (i=0; i<imax; i++)
{
temp[i] = start_padval;
paddedsignal[i] = start_padval;
paddedsignal[end-1-i] = end_padval;
temp[end-1-i] = end_padval;
}
for (i=order; i<end; i++)
{
temp[i] = ccof[0]*paddedsignal[i];
for (p=1; p<=order; p++)
{
temp[i] += ccof[p]*paddedsignal[i-p] - dcof[p]*temp[i-p];
}
}
start_padval = signal_average(&temp[order],padding);
end_padval = signal_average(&temp[length+imax],padding);
for (i=0; i<imax; i++)
{
paddedsignal[end-1-i] = end_padval;
paddedsignal[i] = start_padval;
}
for (i=order; i<end; i++)
{
paddedsignal[end-1-i] = ccof[0]*temp[end-1-i];
for (p=1; p<=order; p++)
{
paddedsignal[end-1-i] += ccof[p]*temp[end-1-i+p] - dcof[p]*paddedsignal[end-1-i+p];
}
}
}
void besselap(int64_t N, double complex *poles, double complex *zeros)
{
switch(N)
{
case 2:
poles[0] = -.8660254037844386467637229 + .4999999999999999999999996 * I;
poles[1] = -.8660254037844386467637229 - .4999999999999999999999996 * I;
zeros[0] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[1] = -1.0 + 0*I;
break;
case 4:
poles[0] = -.6572111716718829545787781 - .8301614350048733772399715 * I;
poles[1] = -.6572111716718829545787788 + .8301614350048733772399715 * I;
poles[2] = -.9047587967882449459642637 - .2709187330038746636700923 * I;
poles[3] = -.9047587967882449459642624 + .2709187330038746636700926 * I;
zeros[0] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[1] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[2] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[3] = -1.0 + 0*I;
break;
case 6:
poles[0] = -.9093906830472271808050953 - .1856964396793046769246397 * I;
poles[1] = -.9093906830472271808050953 + .1856964396793046769246397 * I;
poles[2] = -.7996541858328288520243325 - .5621717346937317988594118 * I;
poles[3] = -.7996541858328288520243325 + .5621717346937317988594118 * I;
poles[4] = -.5385526816693109683073792 - .9616876881954277199245657 * I;
poles[5] = -.5385526816693109683073792 + .9616876881954277199245657 * I;
zeros[0] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[1] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[2] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[3] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[4] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[5] = -1.0 + 0*I;
break;
case 8:
poles[0] = -.9096831546652910216327629 - .1412437976671422927888150 * I;
poles[1] = -.9096831546652910216327629 + .1412437976671422927888150 * I;
poles[2] = -.8473250802359334320103023 - .4259017538272934994996429 * I;
poles[3] = -.8473250802359334320103023 + .4259017538272934994996429 * I;
poles[4] = -.7111381808485399250796172 - .7186517314108401705762571 * I;
poles[5] = -.7111381808485399250796172 + .7186517314108401705762571 * I;
poles[6] = -.4621740412532122027072175 - 1.034388681126901058116589 * I;
poles[7] = -.4621740412532122027072175 + 1.034388681126901058116589 * I;
zeros[0] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[1] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[2] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[3] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[4] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[5] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[6] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[7] = -1.0 + 0*I;
break;
case 10:
poles[0] = -.9091347320900502436826431 - .1139583137335511169927714 * I;
poles[1] = -.9091347320900502436826431 + .1139583137335511169927714 * I;
poles[2] = -.8688459641284764527921864 - .3430008233766309973110589 * I;
poles[3] = -.8688459641284764527921864 + .3430008233766309973110589 * I;
poles[4] = -.7837694413101441082655890 - .5759147538499947070009852 * I;
poles[5] = -.7837694413101441082655890 + .5759147538499947070009852 * I;
poles[6] = -.6417513866988316136190854 - .8175836167191017226233947 * I;
poles[7] = -.6417513866988316136190854 + .8175836167191017226233947 * I;
poles[8] = -.4083220732868861566219785 - 1.081274842819124562037210 * I;
poles[9] = -.4083220732868861566219785 + 1.081274842819124562037210 * I;
zeros[0] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[1] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[2] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[3] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[4] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[5] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[6] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[7] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[8] = -1.0 + 0*I;
zeros[9] = -1.0 + 0*I;
break;
}
}
void polymult(double complex *roots, int64_t N, double *rcoefs)
{
int64_t i, j;
double complex *polycoefs;
polycoefs = calloc_and_check(N+1, sizeof(double complex),"Cannot allocate polynomial coefficients");
polycoefs[N]=1.0;
for (i=0; i<N; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<N+1; j++)
{
polycoefs[j] = -roots[i]*polycoefs[j] + (j == N ? 0 : polycoefs[j+1]);
}
}
for (i=0; i<N+1; i++)
{
rcoefs[i] = creal(polycoefs[i]);
}
free(polycoefs);
}
double scale_filter(double complex *poles, int64_t N, double warped, double scale)
{
int64_t i;
for (i=0; i<N; i++)
{
poles[i] *= warped;
}
return scale * pow(warped, (double) N);
}
double bilinear(double complex *poles, int64_t N, double scale, double fs)
{
double fs2 = 2.0 * fs;
double complex poleprod = 1;
int64_t i;
for (i=0; i<N; i++)
{
poleprod *= fs2 - poles[i];
poles[i] = (fs2 + poles[i])/(fs2-poles[i]);
}
return scale * creal(1.0 / poleprod);
}
void transform_filter(double complex *poles, double complex *zeros, int64_t N, double scale, double *b, double *a)
{
int64_t i;
polymult(zeros, N, b);
polymult(poles, N, a);
for (i=0; i<N+1; i++)
{
b[i] *= scale;
}
}
bessel *initialize_filter(int usefilter, int eventfilter, int64_t order, double cutoff, int64_t length)
{
if (usefilter || eventfilter)
{
bessel *lpfilter;
lpfilter = calloc_and_check(1,sizeof(bessel),"cannot allocate filter struct");
lpfilter->order = order;
lpfilter->cutoff = cutoff;
lpfilter->padding = 100 * 2.0 / cutoff;;
double complex *poles;
double complex *zeros;
poles = calloc_and_check(order,sizeof(double complex),"Cannot allocate Bessel poles");
zeros = calloc_and_check(order,sizeof(double complex),"Cannot allocate Bessel zeros");
lpfilter->ccof = calloc_and_check(order+1,sizeof(double complex),"Cannot allocate ccof");
lpfilter->dcof = calloc_and_check(order+1,sizeof(double complex),"Cannot allocate dcof");
double fs = 2.0;
double warped = 2.0 * fs * tan(M_PI * cutoff / fs);
double scale = 1;
besselap(order, poles, zeros);
scale = scale_filter(poles,order, warped, scale);
scale = bilinear(poles, order, scale, fs);
transform_filter(poles, zeros, order, scale, lpfilter->ccof, lpfilter->dcof);
lpfilter->temp = NULL;
lpfilter->temp = calloc_and_check(length+2*(order+lpfilter->padding), sizeof(double),"Cannot allocate filter temp");
free(poles);
free(zeros);
return lpfilter;
}
return NULL;
}
void free_filter(bessel *lpfilter)
{
free(lpfilter->dcof);
free(lpfilter->ccof);
free(lpfilter->temp);
free(lpfilter);
}

bessel.c at commit 8bab778, under GPL-3.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Liqun He¹, Breeana Elliott¹, Philipp Mensing¹, Kyle Briggs¹, Michel Godin¹, Jonathan Flax², James McGrath³, Vincent Tabard-Cossa¹

ORCID iDs: Liqun He, Philipp Mensing, Michel Godin, James McGrath, Vincent Tabard-Cossa

Institutions: University of Ottawa (Canada); University of Rochester Medicine (United States); University of Rochester (United States)

Journal: ACS nano, volume 20, issue 13, pages 10308-10319

Dates: received 26 September 2025; accepted 16 March 2026; published online 24 March 2026; in print April 2026

Type: Research article · Language: English

License: CC BY

Identifiers: DOI 10.1021/acsnano.5c16690 · PMID 41873753 · PMCID PMC13063814 · OpenAlex W7140165637

Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)

Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)

Categories: other (modality), human (organism), traumatic brain injury (population)

Keywords: solid-state nanopores, digital immunoassay, DNA nanotechnology, single-molecule counting, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, glial fibrillary acidic protein

MeSH: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein*, Nanopores*, Biomarkers, DNA, Gold, Humans, Immunoassay, Metal Nanoparticles (* major topic)

Topic: Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies (Biomedical Engineering, Engineering), according to OpenAlex

Funding: National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (5R01EB031581-04); NIBIB NIH HHS (R01 EB031581)

Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 95 references in the paper

Abstract

Digital immunoassays enable highly sensitive detection of biomolecules, offering absolute quantification rather than relying on bulk signal intensity. We adapt a digital immunoassay scheme for a nanopore sensor, a versatile platform for single-molecule counting. Current nanopore sensors have demonstrated great progress when counting nucleic acids but struggle with proteins due to variability in translocation behavior and limited recognition strategies. While recent advancements have highlighted the promise of nanopore platforms for protein studies, precise quantification remains a challenge. Here, building on previous work, we present a nanopore-based digital immunoassay that employs gold nanoparticle-mediated molecular amplification with a single-molecule readout. This approach translates protein recognition into quantifiable DNA, enabling a precise digital assay. This assay employs a DNA NanoLock probe combined with a paramagnetic bead-based immunocapture, where the target proteins trigger a structural transformation of the NanoLock, converting their presence into a binary DNA-based signal. By incorporating AuNPs carrying hundreds of DNA proxy reporters, we effectively amplify the detectable signal by 2 orders of magnitude, significantly improving sensitivity. We validate the performance of this system by detecting the glial fibrillary acidic protein, a biomarker for traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, in plasma samples and demonstrate high femtomolar-level sensitivity (∼40 pg/mL). Using the NanoLock probe, we further mitigate previous challenges, with reduced assay times (hours) and extended dynamic range (3-log). The self-calibrating nature of this digital approach offers robust, reproducible measurements across different nanopores, eliminating interdevice variability.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

shadowk29/CUSUM

License: GPL-3.0

State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026

Evidence: files inventoried

Commit: 8bab778137a3caed2feedc28b213738d7028caa5, 24 June 2020

Languages: C (7), C/C++ (7)

Size: 19 files, 14 scripts

Software Heritage: not archived

Found in: “Data Availability Statement”

Holds: README, license file

Not found: CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation

Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers

30 September 2026: the link answers

16 files

bessel.c, C, 265 lines
bessel.h, C/C++, 66 lines
detector.c, C, 1,126 lines
detector.h, C/C++, 76 lines
io.c, C, 998 lines
io.h, C/C++, 69 lines
lmmin_int64.c, C, 1,149 lines
lmmin_int64.h, C/C++, 117 lines
lmstruct_int64.h, C/C++, 120 lines
main.c, C, 118 lines
stepfit.c, C, 188 lines
stepfit.h, C/C++, 52 lines
utils.c, C, 666 lines
utils.h, C/C++, 292 lines
LICENSE, License, 225 lines
README, Text, 5 lines

At the source: github.com/shadowk29/CUSUM

Zenodo 595675

License: other-open

State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026

Evidence: files inventoried

Size: 1 file

Software Heritage: not checked

Found in: the references

Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation

Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

16 files

bessel.c, C, 265 lines
bessel.h, C/C++, 66 lines
detector.c, C, 1,126 lines
detector.h, C/C++, 76 lines
io.c, C, 996 lines
io.h, C/C++, 69 lines
lmmin_int64.c, C, 1,149 lines
lmmin_int64.h, C/C++, 117 lines
lmstruct_int64.h, C/C++, 120 lines
main.c, C, 118 lines
stepfit.c, C, 188 lines
stepfit.h, C/C++, 52 lines
utils.c, C, 660 lines
utils.h, C/C++, 292 lines
LICENSE, License, 225 lines
README, Text, 5 lines

At the source:

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
28 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
no match between paragraphs and code yet;
neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

The raw data included this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Liqun He, Breeana Elliott, Philipp Mensing, Kyle Briggs, Michel Godin, Jonathan Flax, James McGrath and Vincent Tabard-Cossa. Digital Immunoassay for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers using Solid-State Nanopores. 2025, ChemRxiv Preprint, DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-zth1z (https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-zth1z) (accessed March 14, 2026). Code Availability Nanopore data analysis was done using in-house program available at https://www.github.com/shadowk29/CUSUM.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 7 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 90 references.

Cite

This paper

He, L., Elliott, B., Mensing, P., Briggs, K., Godin, M., Flax, J., McGrath, J., & Tabard-Cossa, V. (2026). Digital Immunoassays for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers Using Solid-State Nanopores. ACS nano, 20(13), 10308-10319. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690

BibTeX

@article{he2026digital, author = {He, Liqun and Elliott, Breeana and Mensing, Philipp and Briggs, Kyle and Godin, Michel and Flax, Jonathan and McGrath, James and Tabard-Cossa, Vincent}, title = {{Digital Immunoassays for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers Using Solid-State Nanopores}}, journal = {ACS nano}, year = {2026}, month = mar, volume = {20}, number = {13}, pages = {10308--10319}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, issn = {1936-0851}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.5c16690}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690}, pmid = {41873753}, pmcid = {PMC13063814} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - He, Liqun AU - Elliott, Breeana AU - Mensing, Philipp AU - Briggs, Kyle AU - Godin, Michel AU - Flax, Jonathan AU - McGrath, James AU - Tabard-Cossa, Vincent TI - Digital Immunoassays for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers Using Solid-State Nanopores T2 - ACS nano J2 - ACS Nano PY - 2026 DA - 2026/03/24 VL - 20 IS - 13 SP - 10308 EP - 10319 SN - 1936-0851 PB - American Chemical Society DO - 10.1021/acsnano.5c16690 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690 LA - en ER -

CSL-JSON

{ "id": "10.1021/acsnano.5c16690", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Digital Immunoassays for Sensitive Quantification of Blood Biomarkers Using Solid-State Nanopores", "container-title": "ACS nano", "author": [ { "family": "He", "given": "Liqun" }, { "family": "Elliott", "given": "Breeana" }, { "family": "Mensing", "given": "Philipp" }, { "family": "Briggs", "given": "Kyle" }, { "family": "Godin", "given": "Michel" }, { "family": "Flax", "given": "Jonathan" }, { "family": "McGrath", "given": "James" }, { "family": "Tabard-Cossa", "given": "Vincent" } ], "container-title-short": "ACS Nano", "volume": "20", "issue": "13", "page": "10308-10319", "DOI": "10.1021/acsnano.5c16690", "PMID": "41873753", "PMCID": "PMC13063814", "ISSN": "1936-0851", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690", "language": "en", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 24 ] ] } }

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c00871 [code]: Unbiased Data Analysis for the Parameterization of Fast Translocation Events through Nanopores.
Journal: ACS omega
In common: 4 references
[2] doi:10.1039/d6lc00067c: Bacterial extracellular vesicles indirectly destabilize a human stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier on-chip through pro-inflammatory stimulation of immune cells.
Journal: Lab on a chip
In common: author James L McGrath
[3] doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00711-1: Alzheimer blood biomarkers: practical guidelines for study design, sample collection, processing, biobanking, measurement and result reporting.
Journal: Molecular neurodegeneration
In common: other, 3 references
[4] doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00753-5: Multi-analyte proteomic analysis identifies blood-based neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular and synaptic biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
Journal: Molecular neurodegeneration
In common: other, 3 references
[5] doi:10.1177/2689288x261446294: Proteomic Changes of Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Plasma Biomarkers Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
Journal: Neurotrauma reports
In common: traumatic brain injury, other, 2 references
[6] doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.017: Brain Expression Levels of Commonly Measured Blood Biomarkers of Neurological Damage Differ with Respect to Sex, Race, and Age.
Journal: Neuroscience
In common: traumatic brain injury, other, 2 references
[7] doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44019-y: Hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores for neuromorphic applications.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: 2 references
[8] doi:10.3390/ijms27020592 [code]: Integrated Blood Biomarker and Neurobehavioural Signatures of Latent Neuroinjury in Experienced Military Breachers Exposed to Repetitive Low-Intensity Blast.
Journal: International journal of molecular sciences
In common: traumatic brain injury, other, 1 reference
[9] doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6c03315 [code]: Profiling Protein Aggregate Size Using Single-Molecule Array Technology.
Journal: Analytical chemistry
In common: 2 references
[10] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344 [code]: HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling.
Journal: iScience
In common: 2 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Add the badge to the code's README

If you are an author or a maintainer of this paper's code, you can add this badge. It says what OSCR knows of the paper (its code, its validated tracing map) and links the code to this page. Paste one of these snippets under the README's title. Keep the two marks around it, so that the badge can be replaced in place and is never added twice. OSCR changes nothing in your repository.

Markdown

<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
[![OSCR](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690.svg)](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690)
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->

reStructuredText

.. oscr-badge:start

.. image:: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690.svg
   :target: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690
   :alt: OSCR

.. oscr-badge:end

HTML

<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
<a href="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690"><img src="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c16690.svg" alt="OSCR"></a>
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->

If you choose to, you can have the badge kept up to date for you, with oscr badge --write from the command line or with the GitHub Action in your repository's workflows. Every other form and option (a card, AsciiDoc, LaTeX, shields.io) is on the badge page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: code errors and mismatches between the code and the paper about this paper and its code, from readers and its authors, beside the paper and its tracing map.

Report a mismatch between the code and the paper · Report a code error (signed in)

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code and did not get the paper's result, what they ran, with which environment, commit and data.

Report a reproduction failure (signed in)

Versions of its code: the releases of its code tied to a version of this paper (the preprint, the accepted manuscript, the version of record…), each with the tracing map versioned with it.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.