Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: a worldwide ENIGMA study.
Overview
and 52 other authors
Aurina Arnatkeviciute16, Mark A. Bellgrove16, Jeggan Tiego16, Pamela DeRosse17,18,19,20, Melissa Green21, Yann Quidé22,23, Christos Pantelis24, Raymond C. K. Chan25, Yi Wang25, Ulrich Ettinger26, Martin Debbané27,28, Melodie Derome27, Christian Gaser12,29,30, Bianca Besteher12,29, Kelly Diederen31, Tom J. Spencer31, Josselin Houenou32, Edith Pomarol-Clotet33, Raymond Salvador33, Wulf Rössler4,15,34, Lukasz Smigielski4, Veena Kumari35, Preethi Premkumar35, Haeme R. P. Park36, Kristina Wiebels36, Imke Jansen37, James Gilleen38, Paul Allen39, Jan-Bernard Marsman40, Irina Lebedeva41, Alexander Tomyshev41, Anne-Kathrin Fett31,42, Iris Sommer40, Sanne Koops40, Phillip Grant43, Asia Ferrari1, Bin Wan1, Indrit Bègue1,3, Dennis Hernaus44, Maria Jalbrzikowski45,46, Casey Paquola47, Sara Larivière48, Boris Bernhardt2, Sofie L. Valk47,49,50, Bratislav Misic2, Theo G. M. van Erp51,52, Jessica A. Turner53, Paul M. Thompson54, Andre Aleman40,55, Alain Dagher2, Stefan Kaiser1,3, Gemma Modinos56,5757 affiliations
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University,Montreal, QC Canada
- Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich,Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,San Diego, CA USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA USA
- University of Marburg,Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn,Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster,Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School and University Medical Center OWL, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Bielefeld University,Bielefeld, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena Magdeburg Halle,Jena, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Site Jena Magdeburg Halle, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster,Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine,Berlin, Germany
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University,Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health,Glen Oaks, NY USA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience,Manhasset, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell,Hempstead, NY USA
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW),Sydney, NSW Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales (UNSW),Sydney, NSW Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA),Randwick, NSW Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne,Carlton South, VIC Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, China
- University of Bonn,Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London,London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital,Jena, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital,Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London,London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Mental Services, Northern Health,Victoria, Australia
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation & CIBERSAM, ISCIII,Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo,Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brunel University London,Uxbridge, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland,Auckland, New Zealand
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Manchester,Manchester, UK
- Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, King’s College London,London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen,Groningen, the Netherlands
- Mental Health Research Center,Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, City St George’s, University of London, School of Health and Medical Sciences,London, UK
- Fresenius University of Applied Sciences,Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) Research Institute, Maastricht University,Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital,Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,MA Boston, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain & Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich,Jülich, Germany
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke,Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences,Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf,Düsseldorf, Germany
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine,Irvine, CA USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine,Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, the Ohio State University,Columbus, OH USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California,Marina del Rey, CA USA
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University,Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London,London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London,London, UK
Abstract
Positive and negative schizotypy reflect distinct patterns of subclinical traits in the general population associated with neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia-spectrum pathologies. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of the unique and shared neuroanatomical signatures of these schizotypy dimensions is lacking. Leveraging 3D brain MRI data from 2730 unmedicated healthy individuals, we identified neuroanatomical profiles of positive and negative schizotypy and systematically compared them with disorder-specific, microarchitectural, neurotransmitter-level, and connectome measures. Positive and negative schizotypy were associated with distinct cortical signatures, of predominantly thinner frontal and thicker paralimbic cortical areas, respectively. These cortical signatures of positive and negative schizotypy were differentially linked to brain-wide cortical patterns of schizophrenia-spectrum (clinical high-risk for psychosis, schizophrenia) and neurodevelopmental conditions (ADHD, autism spectrum disorder and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome). Additionally, the positive and negative schizotypy-related cortical profiles mapped onto different local attributes of gene expression, cortical myelination, D1, and histamine receptor distributions. Network models further showed that positive and negative schizotypy cortical signatures were spatially associated with cortical hubs, suggesting that highly interconnected regions are more vulnerable to the morphological differences associated with both schizotypy dimensions. Finally, predominantly sensorimotor-to-associat
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All software and analysis code used in this study are openly available. Image preprocessing pipelines are available through the ENIGMA consortium (https://
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netneurolab/ , at github.com; found in “Data availability”hansen_crossdisorder_vul nerability - github.com/
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Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 72 authors, 4 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 116 references.
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Kirschner, M., Hodzic-Santor, B., Kennedy, L., Hansen, J. Y., Antoniades, M., Nenadić, I., Kircher, T., Krug, A., Meller, T., Dannlowski, U., Grotegerd, D., Flinkenflügel, K., Meinert, S., Borgers, T., Goltermann, J., Hahn, T., Böhnlein, J., Leehr, E. J., Barkhau, C., . . . Modinos, G. (2026). Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: a worldwide ENIGMA study. Molecular psychiatry, 31(9), 4846-4860. https://
BibTeX
@article{kirschner2026mu
author = {Kirschner, Matthias and Hodzic-Santor, Benazir and Kennedy, Leda and Hansen, Justine Y. and Antoniades, Mathilde and Nenadić, Igor and Kircher, Tilo and Krug, Axel and Meller, Tina and Dannlowski, Udo and Grotegerd, Dominik and Flinkenflügel, Kira and Meinert, Susanne and Borgers, Tiana and Goltermann, Janik and Hahn, Tim and Böhnlein, Joscha and Leehr, Elisabeth J. and Barkhau, Carlotta and Fornito, Alex and Arnatkeviciute, Aurina and Bellgrove, Mark A. and Tiego, Jeggan and DeRosse, Pamela and Green, Melissa and Quidé, Yann and Pantelis, Christos and Chan, Raymond C. K. and Wang, Yi and Ettinger, Ulrich and Debbané, Martin and Derome, Melodie and Gaser, Christian and Besteher, Bianca and Diederen, Kelly and Spencer, Tom J. and Houenou, Josselin and Pomarol-Clotet, Edith and Salvador, Raymond and Rössler, Wulf and Smigielski, Lukasz and Kumari, Veena and Premkumar, Preethi and Park, Haeme R. P. and Wiebels, Kristina and Jansen, Imke and Gilleen, James and Allen, Paul and Marsman, Jan-Bernard and Lebedeva, Irina and Tomyshev, Alexander and Fett, Anne-Kathrin and Sommer, Iris and Koops, Sanne and Grant, Phillip and Ferrari, Asia and Wan, Bin and Bègue, Indrit and Hernaus, Dennis and Jalbrzikowski, Maria and Paquola, Casey and Larivière, Sara and Bernhardt, Boris and Valk, Sofie L. and Misic, Bratislav and van Erp, Theo G. M. and Turner, Jessica A. and Thompson, Paul M. and Aleman, Andre and Dagher, Alain and Kaiser, Stefan and Modinos, Gemma},
title = {{Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: a worldwide ENIGMA study}},
journal = {Molecular psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {4846--4860},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
issn = {1359-4184},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {42000906},
pmcid = {PMC13441894}
}
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AU - Kirschner, Matthias
AU - Hodzic-Santor, Benazir
AU - Kennedy, Leda
AU - Hansen, Justine Y.
AU - Antoniades, Mathilde
AU - Nenadić, Igor
AU - Kircher, Tilo
AU - Krug, Axel
AU - Meller, Tina
AU - Dannlowski, Udo
AU - Grotegerd, Dominik
AU - Flinkenflügel, Kira
AU - Meinert, Susanne
AU - Borgers, Tiana
AU - Goltermann, Janik
AU - Hahn, Tim
AU - Böhnlein, Joscha
AU - Leehr, Elisabeth J.
AU - Barkhau, Carlotta
AU - Fornito, Alex
AU - Arnatkeviciute, Aurina
AU - Bellgrove, Mark A.
AU - Tiego, Jeggan
AU - DeRosse, Pamela
AU - Green, Melissa
AU - Quidé, Yann
AU - Pantelis, Christos
AU - Chan, Raymond C. K.
AU - Wang, Yi
AU - Ettinger, Ulrich
AU - Debbané, Martin
AU - Derome, Melodie
AU - Gaser, Christian
AU - Besteher, Bianca
AU - Diederen, Kelly
AU - Spencer, Tom J.
AU - Houenou, Josselin
AU - Pomarol-Clotet, Edith
AU - Salvador, Raymond
AU - Rössler, Wulf
AU - Smigielski, Lukasz
AU - Kumari, Veena
AU - Premkumar, Preethi
AU - Park, Haeme R. P.
AU - Wiebels, Kristina
AU - Jansen, Imke
AU - Gilleen, James
AU - Allen, Paul
AU - Marsman, Jan-Bernard
AU - Lebedeva, Irina
AU - Tomyshev, Alexander
AU - Fett, Anne-Kathrin
AU - Sommer, Iris
AU - Koops, Sanne
AU - Grant, Phillip
AU - Ferrari, Asia
AU - Wan, Bin
AU - Bègue, Indrit
AU - Hernaus, Dennis
AU - Jalbrzikowski, Maria
AU - Paquola, Casey
AU - Larivière, Sara
AU - Bernhardt, Boris
AU - Valk, Sofie L.
AU - Misic, Bratislav
AU - van Erp, Theo G. M.
AU - Turner, Jessica A.
AU - Thompson, Paul M.
AU - Aleman, Andre
AU - Dagher, Alain
AU - Kaiser, Stefan
AU - Modinos, Gemma
TI - Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: a worldwide ENIGMA study
T2 - Molecular psychiatry
J2 - Mol Psychiatry
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 31
IS - 9
SP - 4846
EP - 4860
SN - 1359-4184
PB - Springer Nature
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
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