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Auxiliary subunits reshape structural asymmetry and functional plasticity in heterotetrameric GluA1/A2 AMPA receptor core.

Overview

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
  2. Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
  3. Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies Umbrella Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
  4. Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA
  5. Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institutions: Columbia University Irving Medical Center (United States); Columbia University (United States); Carnegie Mellon University (United States); University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Journal: Nature communications, volume 17, issue 1, article 4191
Dates: received 18 August 2025; accepted 9 March 2026; published online 28 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1 · PMID 41904128 · PMCID PMC13153358 · OpenAlex W7141944866
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Categories: histology / microscopy (modality), human (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Ligand-gated ion channels, Cryoelectron microscopy, Permeation and transport
MeSH: Neuronal Plasticity*, Receptors, AMPA*, Animals, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Humans, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Protein Multimerization, Protein Subunits (* major topic)
Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research (Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS107253, NS139087, NS147755, NS083660, NS132554); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (NS132554, NS147755, NS139087, NS107253, NS083660); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR078814); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (CA206573); NINDS NIH HHS (R01 NS107253, R37 NS083660); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) (AR078814); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) (CA206573)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 109 references in the paper

Abstract

AMPA-subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the fast component of excitatory neurotransmission. They govern synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory, while their dysregulation is implicated in numerous neurological disorders. The functional diversity of AMPARs arises from variations in their subunit composition and also their association with auxiliary subunits. While multiple structures of homomeric AMPARs have been reported, structural information for the heteromeric core – particularly in the absence of auxiliary subunits, which would serve as a functional and structural baseline – has been limited. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of GluA1/A2, the most abundant AMPAR di-heteromer in the brain, in the closed, open, and desensitized states. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and cross-correlating structural and functional information, we find that auxiliary subunits increase the diameter of channel pore, which corresponds to larger conductance. Likewise, we find that recovery from desensitization slows with greater disruption of two-fold rotational symmetry of the ligand-binding domain dimer in the desensitized state. Both receptor activation and desensitization vary with the type and number of associated auxiliary proteins. These structures offer a foundation for uncovering how auxiliary subunits reshape structural asymmetry and functional plasticity in heterotetrameric AMPARs.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

The cryo-EM density maps have been deposited to the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) under the accession codes EMD-70909 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70909) (consensus map for GluA1/A2ZK), EMD-70912 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70912) (composite for GluA1/A2ZK), EMD-70911 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70911) (LBD of GluA1/A2ZK), EMD-70910 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70910) (TMD for GluA1/A2ZK), EMD-70913 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70913) (consensus for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), EMD-70919 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70919) (composite for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), EMD-75274 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-75274) (ATD for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), EMD-70914 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70914) (LBD for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), EMD-70915 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70915) (TMD for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), EMD-70916 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70916) (consensus for GluA1/A2-CNIH1Glu+RR2b), EMD-70920 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70920) (composite for GluA1/A2-CNIH1Glu+RR2b), EMD-70917 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70917) (LBD for GluA1/A2-CNIH1Glu+RR2b), EMD-70918 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70918) (TMD for GluA1/A2-CNIH1Glu+RR2b), EMD-70921 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70921) (consensus for GluA1/A2Quis), EMD-70925 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70925) (composite for GluA1/A2Quis), EMD-70922 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70922) (ATD for GluA1/A2Quis), EMD-70923 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70923) (LBD for GluA1/A2Quis), and EMD-70924 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-70924) (TMD for GluA1/A2Quis). The atomic coordinates have been deposited to the Protein Data Bank (PDB) under the accession codes 9OVT (https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9OVT/pdb) (LBD-TMD for GluA1/A2ZK), 9OVU (https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9OVU/pdb) (full length for GluA1/A2Glu+RR2b), 9OVV (https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9OVV/pdb) (LBD-TMD for GluA1/A2-CNIH1Glu+RR2b), and 9OVW (https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9OVW/pdb) (full length for GluA1/A2Quis). For illustrations and analysis, we also used structures that correspond to the following PDB entries: 7QHH (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7QHH/pdb), 9MRL (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9MRL/pdb), 7RZA (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7RZA/pdb), 7RZ7 (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7RZ7/pdb), 8SSB (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb8SSB/pdb), 7QHB (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7QHB/pdb), 7OCF (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7OCF/pdb), 5KK2 (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5KK2/pdb), 5WEO (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5WEO/pdb), 5VOV (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5VOV/pdb), 5VHY (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5VHY/pdb), and 5VHZ (http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5VHZ/pdb). The molecular dynamics simulation trajectories and topology files have been deposited to Zenodo [10.5281/zenodo.18627963]. The repository also includes the initial coordinates for the production runs, as well as a table summarizing the corresponding file names. The raw simulation data have not been deposited due to their size, but are available from the authors upon request. The source data underlying Fig. 1c-f are provided as a Source Data file. Source data are provided with this paper.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 3 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 7 funders, 106 references.

Cite

This paper

Yen, L. Y., Newton, T. P., Yelshanskaya, M. V., Aktolun, M., Gangwar, S. P., Clausen, R. P., Kurnikova, M. G., & Sobolevsky, A. I. (2026). Auxiliary subunits reshape structural asymmetry and functional plasticity in heterotetrameric GluA1/A2 AMPA receptor core. Nature communications, 17(1), 4191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1

BibTeX

@article{yen2026auxiliary,
author = {Yen, Laura Y and Newton, Thomas P and Yelshanskaya, Maria V and Aktolun, Muhammed and Gangwar, Shanti Pal and Clausen, Rasmus P and Kurnikova, Maria G and Sobolevsky, Alexander I},
title = {{Auxiliary subunits reshape structural asymmetry and functional plasticity in heterotetrameric GluA1/A2 AMPA receptor core}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {4191},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1},
pmid = {41904128},
pmcid = {PMC13153358}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Yen, Laura Y
AU - Newton, Thomas P
AU - Yelshanskaya, Maria V
AU - Aktolun, Muhammed
AU - Gangwar, Shanti Pal
AU - Clausen, Rasmus P
AU - Kurnikova, Maria G
AU - Sobolevsky, Alexander I
TI - Auxiliary subunits reshape structural asymmetry and functional plasticity in heterotetrameric GluA1/A2 AMPA receptor core
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/28
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 4191
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71063-1
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"container-title": "Nature communications",
"author": [
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"given": "Laura Y"
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"PMCID": "PMC13153358",
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"language": "en",
"issued": {
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