Nanoscale organization in the cell membrane dynamically modulates the biophysics of voltage-gated sodium channels.
Paper
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The authors' code
MATLAB · 276 lines · 13 KB · MIT
- %% set up workspace
- clear
- clc
- working_path = '/Users/maddyammon/Documents/grad school work/sai lab rotation/minflux data/untreated/';
- contents = dir([working_path, '*.tif']);
- %import pixel size information
- file_name = 'untreated.xlsx';
- datainfo = readtable([working_path, file_name]);
- pixelsize = table2array(datainfo(:,3));
- filename = datainfo(:,1);
- Folder = pwd;
- nbits = 8; % bit depth of input images
- cutoff_multiplier = 7; % Clusters with area > median + cutoff_multiplier * std will be discarded
- nfiles = length(contents); % # of files
- cluster_mass_results = cell(nfiles,1); % Declare array to collect results
- cluster_mass_values = [];
- cluster_area_results = cell(nfiles,1); % Declare array to collect results
- cluster_area_values = [];
- cluster_density_results = cell(nfiles,1); % Declare array to collect results
- cluster_density_values = [];
- max_intensity = 2^nbits - 1;
- xmax_mass = 50;% X axis limit for histograms
- xmax_area = 10000;
- xmax_density = .1;
- bin_width = 1; % Bin width for histograms
- bin_width_density = .001;
- cluster_per_area = zeros(nfiles,1);
- %% calculate cluster sizes
- for counter1 = 1 : nfiles % Loop through files
- fn = contents(counter1).name; % Current file name
- cal = pixelsize(counter1); % Current calibration factor (nm)
- calibration = cal^2; % Area calibration factor (nm^2)
- im1 = imread([working_path, fn]); % Read image
- im1 = im1(:, :, 1); % Pull out only the red layer
- im1_binary = or(or(logical(im1 == 85), logical(im1 == 170)), logical(im1 == 255)); % Pixels with intensity values of 85, 170, 255 are considered signal-positive.
- im1_counts = zeros(size(im1));
- im1_counts(im1 == 85) = 1;
- im1_counts(im1 == 170) = 2;
- im1_counts(im1 == 255) = 3;
- cc = bwconncomp(im1_binary); % Perform KNN clustering
- nclusters = cc.NumObjects; % # of clusters
- pixels = cc.PixelIdxList; % pixel lists for clusters
- % Declare array to collect results
- cluster_mass = zeros(nclusters, 1); % Cluster Mass - total number of localizations in current clusters
- cluster_area = zeros(nclusters, 1); % Cluster Area - number of pixels in cluster * calibration factor
- % cluster_density = zeros(nclusters, 1); % Cluster Density - cluster mass normalized to cluster area
- for counter2 = 1 : nclusters % Loop through clusters
- pixel_values = im1_counts(pixels{counter2}); % Isolate, normalize values of pixels in current clusters
- cluster_mass(counter2) = sum(pixel_values); % Calculate mass of current cluster
- cluster_area(counter2) = numel(pixel_values) * calibration; % Cluster area
- end
- cluster_density = cluster_mass ./ cluster_area;
- cluster_mass_results{counter1} = cluster_mass; % store current image results in cell array
- cluster_mass_values = [cluster_mass_values; cluster_mass]; %#ok<AGROW>
- cluster_area_results{counter1} = cluster_area; % store current image results in cell array
- cluster_area_values = [cluster_area_values; cluster_area]; %#ok<AGROW>
- cluster_density_results{counter1} = cluster_density; % store current image results in cell array
- cluster_density_values = [cluster_density_values; cluster_density]; %#ok<AGROW>
- end
- % Remove statistical outliers
- cutoff_mass = median(cluster_mass_values) + cutoff_multiplier * std(cluster_mass_values); % Max acceptable cluster mass
- cutoff_area = median(cluster_area_values) + cutoff_multiplier * std(cluster_area_values); % Max acceptable cluster mass
- cutoff_density = median(cluster_density_values) + cutoff_multiplier * std(cluster_density_values); % Max acceptable cluster mass
- to_include_mass = logical(cluster_mass_values <= cutoff_mass);
- to_include_area = logical(cluster_area_values <= cutoff_area);
- to_include_density = logical(cluster_density_values <= cutoff_density);
- cluster_mass_values = cluster_mass_values(to_include_mass); % Remove outliers from master list
- cluster_area_values = cluster_area_values(to_include_area); % Remove outliers from master list
- cluster_density_values = cluster_density_values(to_include_density); % Remove outliers from master list
- % set up histogram bins
- bin_edges_mass = 0 : bin_width : xmax_mass;
- bin_edges_area = 0 : bin_width : xmax_area;
- bin_edges_density = 0 : bin_width_density : xmax_density;
- [bin_counts_mass, bin_edges_mass] = histcounts(cluster_mass_values, bin_edges_mass, 'Normalization','cdf');
- [bin_counts_area, bin_edges_area] = histcounts(cluster_area_values, bin_edges_area, 'Normalization','cdf');
- [bin_counts_density, bin_edges_density] = histcounts(cluster_density_values, bin_edges_density, 'Normalization','cdf');
- bin_centers_mass = bin_edges_mass(1 : end-1) + bin_width/2;
- bin_centers_area = bin_edges_area(1 : end-1) + bin_width/2;
- bin_centers_density = bin_edges_density(1 : end-1) + bin_width_density/2;
- %% cdf plots
- figure(1)
- subplot(3,1,1)
- plot(bin_centers_mass, bin_counts_mass)
- set(gca, 'xlim', [0 xmax_mass])
- xlabel('Cluster Mass [# localizations]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- title('Cluster Mass');
- subplot(3,1,2)
- plot(bin_centers_area, bin_counts_area)
- set(gca, 'xlim', [0 xmax_area])
- xlabel('Cluster Area [nm^2]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- title('Cluster Area');
- subplot(3,1,3)
- plot(bin_centers_density, bin_counts_density)
- set(gca, 'xlim', [0 xmax_density])
- xlabel('Cluster Density [# localizations / nm^2]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- title('Cluster Density');
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_mass_CDF.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- %% running k-means for mass (k=2)
- idxk2 = kmeans(cluster_mass_values, 2); %run k-means and get a vector of values
- indexk2_1 = logical(idxk2==1); %find all of the group 1 indices
- indexk2_2 = logical(idxk2==2); %find all of the group 2 indices
- [bin_counts_mass_all, ~] = histcounts(cluster_mass_values, bin_edges_mass, 'Normalization','cdf');
- k1_max_val = max(cluster_mass_values(indexk2_1)); % Max cluster mass in k_1 group
- k2_max_val = max(cluster_mass_values(indexk2_2)); % Max cluster mass in k_2 group
- x_axis_breaks = sort([k1_max_val, k2_max_val]);
- x_axis_break_k1 = find(bin_centers_mass <= x_axis_breaks(1), 1, 'last');
- % x_axis_break_k2 = find(bin_centers_mass <= x_axis_breaks(2), 1, 'last');
- %plot histogram for k means
- figure(2)
- histogram(cluster_mass_values(indexk2_1), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- hold on;
- histogram(cluster_mass_values(indexk2_2), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- title('Cluster Mass, Kmeans(k = 2)')
- xlabel('Cluster Mass [# localizations]')
- hold off;
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_mass_histogram.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- figure(3)
- plot(bin_centers_mass(1 : x_axis_break_k1), bin_counts_mass_all(1 : x_axis_break_k1), '-ok')
- hold on
- plot(bin_centers_mass(x_axis_break_k1 : end), bin_counts_mass_all(x_axis_break_k1 : end), '-or')
- hold off
- title('Cluster Mass, Kmeans(k = 2)')
- xlabel('Cluster Mass [# localizations]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_mass_CDF_k_means_k2.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- %% running k-means for mass (k=3)
- idxk3 = kmeans(cluster_mass_values, 3);
- indexk3_1 = logical(idxk3==1); %find all of the group 1 indices
- indexk3_2 = logical(idxk3==2); %find all of the group 2 indices
- indexk3_3 = logical(idxk3==3); %find all of the group 3 indices
- [bin_counts_mass_all, ~] = histcounts(cluster_mass_values, bin_edges_mass, 'Normalization','cdf');
- k1_max_val = max(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_1)); % Max cluster mass in k_1 group
- k2_max_val = max(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_2)); % Max cluster mass in k_2 group
- k3_max_val = max(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_3)); % Max cluster mass in k_3 group
- x_axis_breaks = sort([k1_max_val, k2_max_val, k3_max_val]);
- x_axis_break_k1 = find(bin_centers_mass <= x_axis_breaks(1), 1, 'last');
- x_axis_break_k2 = find(bin_centers_mass <= x_axis_breaks(2), 1, 'last');
- %plot histogram for k means
- figure(4)
- histogram(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_1), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- hold on;
- histogram(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_2), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- histogram(cluster_mass_values(indexk3_3), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- title('Cluster Mass, Kmeans(k = 3)')
- xlabel('Cluster Mass [# localizations]')
- hold off;
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_mass_histogram_kmeans_k3.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- figure(5)
- plot(bin_centers_mass(1 : x_axis_break_k1), bin_counts_mass_all(1 : x_axis_break_k1), '-ok')
- hold on
- plot(bin_centers_mass(x_axis_break_k1 : x_axis_break_k2), bin_counts_mass_all(x_axis_break_k1 : x_axis_break_k2), '-or')
- plot(bin_centers_mass(x_axis_break_k2 : end), bin_counts_mass_all(x_axis_break_k2 : end), '-om')
- hold off
- title('Cluster Mass, Kmeans(k = 3)')
- xlabel('Cluster Mass [# localizations]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_mass_CDF_kmeans_k3.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- %% running k-means for density (k=2)
- idxk2_density = kmeans(cluster_density_values, 2); %run k-means and get a vector of values
- indexk2_density_1 = logical(idxk2_density==1); %find all of the group 1 indices
- indexk2_density_2 = logical(idxk2_density==2); %find all of the group 2 indices
- [bin_counts_density_all, ~] = histcounts(cluster_density_values, bin_edges_density, 'Normalization','cdf');
- k1_density_max_val = max(cluster_density_values(indexk2_density_1)); % Max cluster density in k_1 group
- k2_density_max_val = max(cluster_density_values(indexk2_density_2)); % Max cluster density in k_2 group
- x_axis_breaks_density = sort([k1_density_max_val, k2_density_max_val]);
- x_axis_break_k1_density = find(bin_centers_density <= x_axis_breaks_density(1), 1, 'last');
- %plot histogram for k means
- figure(6)
- histogram(cluster_density_values(indexk2_density_1), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- hold on;
- histogram(cluster_density_values(indexk2_density_2), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_mass);
- title('Cluster Density, Kmeans(k = 2)')
- xlabel('Cluster Density [# localizations / nm^2]')
- hold off;
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_density_histogram_kmeans_k2.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- figure(7)
- plot(bin_centers_density(1 : x_axis_break_k1_density), bin_counts_density_all(1 : x_axis_break_k1_density), '-ok')
- hold on
- plot(bin_centers_density(x_axis_break_k1_density : end), bin_counts_density_all(x_axis_break_k1_density : end), '-or')
- hold off
- title('Cluster Density, Kmeans(k = 2)')
- xlabel('Cluster Density [# localizations / nm^2]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_density_CDF_kmeans_k2.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- %% running k-means for density (k=3)
- idxk3_density = kmeans(cluster_density_values, 3);
- indexk3_density_1 = logical(idxk3_density==1); %find all of the group 1 indices
- indexk3_density_2 = logical(idxk3_density==2); %find all of the group 2 indices
- indexk3_density_3 = logical(idxk3_density==3); %find all of the group 3 indices
- [bin_counts_density_all, ~] = histcounts(cluster_density_values, bin_edges_density, 'Normalization','cdf');
- k1_density_max_val = max(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_1)); % Max cluster mass in k_1 group
- k2_density_max_val = max(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_2)); % Max cluster mass in k_2 group
- k3_density_max_val = max(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_3)); % Max cluster mass in k_3 group
- x_axis_breaks_density = sort([k1_density_max_val, k2_density_max_val, k3_density_max_val]);
- x_axis_break_k1_density = find(bin_centers_density <= x_axis_breaks_density(1), 1, 'last');
- x_axis_break_k2_density = find(bin_centers_density <= x_axis_breaks_density(2), 1, 'last');
- %plot histogram for k means
- figure(8)
- histogram(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_1), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_density);
- hold on;
- histogram(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_2), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_density);
- histogram(cluster_density_values(indexk3_density_3), 'BinEdges', bin_edges_density);
- title('Cluster Density, Kmeans(k = 3)')
- xlabel('Cluster Density [# localizations / nm^2]')
- hold off;
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_density_histogram_kmeans_k3.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- figure(9)
- plot(bin_centers_density(1 : x_axis_break_k1_density), bin_counts_density_all(1 : x_axis_break_k1_density), '-ok')
- hold on
- plot(bin_centers_density(x_axis_break_k1_density : x_axis_break_k2_density), bin_counts_density_all(x_axis_break_k1_density : x_axis_break_k2_density), '-or')
- plot(bin_centers_density(x_axis_break_k2_density : end), bin_counts_density_all(x_axis_break_k2_density : end), '-om')
- hold off
- title('Cluster Density, Kmeans(k = 3)')
- xlabel('Cluster Density [# localizations / nm^2]')
- ylabel('Cumulative Probability [0-1]')
- exportgraphics(gcf, 'cluster_density_CDF_kmeans_k3.pdf', 'ContentType','vector');
- %% save results
- save('results.mat', "cluster_mass_results", "cluster_mass_values", "cutoff_mass",...
- "cluster_area_results", "cluster_area_values", "cluster_density_results", "cutoff_area",...
- "cluster_density_values", "cutoff_density");
- save('clusterPerArea.mat', "cluster_per_area");
cluster analysis MINFLUX.m, under MIT · at the source
Overview
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.
Zenodo 18499384
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
3 files
- cluster analysis MINFLUX.m, MATLAB, 276 lines
- LICENSE, License, 21 lines
- README.md, Text, 34 lines
tarasov4/analysis-and-modeling-of-voltage-gated-sodium-channels-clusters
b289712fbd948d2c56b2ee5e24ddf52bc4f5da82, 5 February 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
- 28 September 2026: the link answers
3 files
- cluster analysis MINFLUX.m, MATLAB, 276 lines
- LICENSE, License, 21 lines
- README.md, Text, 36 lines
Code availability statement
The paper has a code availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:
- it points to the authors' code: Zenodo 18499384
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72387-8.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
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- 2 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- no match between paragraphs and code yet;
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Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
Datasets cited
- doi:10.5061/
dryad.0cfxpnwgh , at Dryad; found in “Data availability”
Code and data availability statement
The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:
- it points to a dataset: Dryad 10.5061/
dryad.0cfxpnwgh - it points to the authors' code: Zenodo 18499384
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72387-8.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 5 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 97 references.
Cite
This paper
Tarasov, M., Ammon, M., Wirth, J. O., Hampton, C., Selimi, Z., Veeraraghavan, R., & Radwański, P. B. (2026). Nanoscale organization in the cell membrane dynamically modulates the biophysics of voltage-gated sodium channels. Nature communications, 17(1), 6218. https://
BibTeX
@article{tarasov2026nano
author = {Tarasov, Mikhail and Ammon, Madison and Wirth, Jan Otto and Hampton, Christopher and Selimi, Zoja and Veeraraghavan, Rengasayee and Radwański, Przemysław B},
title = {{Nanoscale organization in the cell membrane dynamically modulates the biophysics of voltage-gated sodium channels}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {6218},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {42098094},
pmcid = {PMC13369509}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Tarasov, Mikhail
AU - Ammon, Madison
AU - Wirth, Jan Otto
AU - Hampton, Christopher
AU - Selimi, Zoja
AU - Veeraraghavan, Rengasayee
AU - Radwański, Przemysław B
TI - Nanoscale organization in the cell membrane dynamically modulates the biophysics of voltage-gated sodium channels
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 6218
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1038/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Nanoscale organization in the cell membrane dynamically modulates the biophysics of voltage-gated sodium channels",
"container-title": "Nature communications",
"author": [
{
"family": "Tarasov",
"given": "Mikhail"
},
{
"family": "Ammon",
"given": "Madison"
},
{
"family": "Wirth",
"given": "Jan Otto"
},
{
"family": "Hampton",
"given": "Christopher"
},
{
"family": "Selimi",
"given": "Zoja"
},
{
"family": "Veeraraghavan",
"given": "Rengasayee"
},
{
"family": "Radwański",
"given": "Przemysław B"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "17",
"issue": "1",
"page": "6218",
"DOI": "10.1038/
"PMID": "42098094",
"PMCID": "PMC13369509",
"ISSN": "2041-1723",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
5,
8
]
]
}
}
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