An in-sensor communication electronic textile for imperceptible and ultrarobust silent speech.
The 3 matches
- [1] § Results › Interactive feedback and assistant during silent speech decoding ↔ Ablation.py, lines 202–264 · score 0.74 · cross entropy loss, Weight decay, training accuracy, training loss, Ablation, epoch
- [2] § Results › Interactive feedback and assistant during silent speech decoding ↔ Different-loss-function.py, lines 247–294 · score 0.67 · cross entropy loss, Weight decay, loss function, configuration, Batch, smoothing
- [3] § Results › Interactive feedback and assistant during silent speech decoding ↔ Visualize.py, lines 17–25 · score 0.51 · help dress, Shake hand, grab, model
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 573 lines · 19 KB · GPL-3.0 · 1 match
- import os
- import time
- import numpy as np
- import torch
- import torch.nn as nn
- import torch.optim as optim
- from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader, random_split
- from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
- from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
- from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, classification_report
- import pandas as pd
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- import seaborn as sns
- import csv
- from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import CosineAnnealingLR
- import json
- from datetime import datetime
- import warnings
- warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
- # ===== 1. 可配置的模型架构 =====
- class ConfigurableCNN(nn.Module):
- """可配置的一维卷积分类器,支持消融实验"""
- def __init__(self, input_size=3, num_classes=5,
- conv_layers=3,
- feature_sizes=None,
- use_batchnorm=True,
- dropout_rate=0.5):
- """
- input_size: 输入特征数
- num_classes: 分类数
- conv_layers: 卷积层数量
- feature_sizes: 各层特征数列表
- use_batchnorm: 是否使用BatchNorm
- dropout_rate: Dropout率
- """
- super().__init__()
- if feature_sizes is None:
- # 默认特征数配置
- feature_sizes = [64, 128, 256, 512][:conv_layers]
- # 确保特征数列表长度与卷积层数匹配
- if len(feature_sizes) < conv_layers:
- # 扩展特征数列表
- last_size = feature_sizes[-1] if feature_sizes else 64
- feature_sizes.extend([last_size * 2] * (conv_layers - len(feature_sizes)))
- self.conv_layers = conv_layers
- self.use_batchnorm = use_batchnorm
- self.feature_sizes = feature_sizes
- # 构建卷积层
- conv_blocks = []
- in_channels = input_size
- for i in range(conv_layers):
- out_channels = feature_sizes[i]
- # 卷积层
- conv_layer = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels,
- kernel_size=5 if i < 2 else 3,
- padding=2 if i < 2 else 1)
- conv_blocks.append(conv_layer)
- # BatchNorm层
- if use_batchnorm:
- conv_blocks.append(nn.BatchNorm1d(out_channels))
- # ReLU激活函数
- conv_blocks.append(nn.ReLU())
- # 池化层(最后一层使用自适应池化)
- if i < conv_layers - 1:
- conv_blocks.append(nn.MaxPool1d(kernel_size=2))
- else:
- conv_blocks.append(nn.AdaptiveMaxPool1d(1))
- in_channels = out_channels
- self.conv_sequential = nn.Sequential(*conv_blocks)
- # 全连接层
- self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout_rate)
- self.fc = nn.Linear(in_channels, num_classes)
- def forward(self, x):
- # 输入 shape: (batch, seq_len, input_size)
- x = x.permute(0, 2, 1) # -> (batch, input_size, seq_len)
- x = self.conv_sequential(x)
- x = x.squeeze(-1) # (batch, features)
- x = self.dropout(x)
- out = self.fc(x)
- return out
- # ===== 2. 数据集类(保持不变) =====
- def enhance_features(arr):
- """增加差分和移动平均特征"""
- diff = np.diff(arr, prepend=arr[0])
- moving_avg = np.convolve(arr, np.ones(5) / 5, mode='same')
- return np.stack([arr, diff, moving_avg], axis=-1)
- class GestureDataset(Dataset):
- def __init__(self, data_dir):
- self.data = []
- self.labels = []
- self.label_map = {'byebye': 0, 'grab on something': 1, 'shake hand': 2, 'help dress': 3, 'pass something': 4}
- self.label_names = list(self.label_map.keys())
- for label_name, label_idx in self.label_map.items():
- label_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, label_name)
- for file in os.listdir(label_dir):
- if file.endswith('.npy'):
- file_path = os.path.join(label_dir, file)
- arr = np.load(file_path)
- if arr.ndim > 1 and arr.shape[1] > 1:
- arr = arr[:, 1]
- arr = enhance_features(arr)
- self.data.append(arr)
- self.labels.append(label_idx)
- max_len = max(len(x) for x in self.data)
- self.data = [
- np.pad(x, ((0, int(max_len - len(x))), (0, 0)), mode='constant')
- if len(x) < max_len
- else x[:int(max_len)]
- for x in self.data
- ]
- self.data = np.stack(self.data)
- self.scaler = StandardScaler()
- orig_shape = self.data.shape
- self.data = self.scaler.fit_transform(
- self.data.reshape(-1, self.data.shape[-1])
- ).reshape(orig_shape)
- print(f"数据形状: {self.data.shape}")
- def __len__(self):
- return len(self.data)
- def __getitem__(self, idx):
- sample = self.data[idx].copy()
- noise = np.random.normal(0, 0.01, sample.shape)
- sample += noise
- mask = np.random.choice([0, 1], size=sample.shape[0], p=[0.05, 0.95])
- sample[mask == 0] = 0
- return torch.tensor(sample, dtype=torch.float32), self.labels[idx]
- # ===== 3. 消融实验训练函数 =====
- def ablation_train_model(data_dir, experiment_config, experiment_name):
- """
- 执行消融实验的训练函数
- Parameters:
- - data_dir: 数据目录
- - experiment_config: 实验配置字典
- - experiment_name: 实验名称(用于保存结果)
- """
- # 创建实验专属目录
- exp_dir = f"experiments/{experiment_name}"
- os.makedirs(exp_dir, exist_ok=True)
- # 保存实验配置
- with open(f"{exp_dir}/config.json", 'w') as f:
- json.dump(experiment_config, f, indent=2)
- # 记录训练开始时间
- start_time = time.perf_counter()
- # 准备数据集
- dataset = GestureDataset(data_dir)
- train_data, test_data = train_test_split(dataset, test_size=0.2, random_state=50)
- # 使用配置中的批次大小
- batch_size = experiment_config.get('batch_size', 32)
- train_loader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
- test_loader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=batch_size)
- # 初始化模型和设备
- device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
- # 创建可配置模型
- model = ConfigurableCNN(
- input_size=3,
- num_classes=5,
- conv_layers=experiment_config.get('conv_layers', 3),
- feature_sizes=experiment_config.get('feature_sizes', [64, 128, 256]),
- use_batchnorm=experiment_config.get('use_batchnorm', True),
- dropout_rate=experiment_config.get('dropout_rate', 0.5)
- ).to(device)
- # 损失函数
- criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(label_smoothing=0.1)
- # 优化器(使用配置中的权重衰减)
- weight_decay = experiment_config.get('weight_decay', 0.001)
- no_decay = ["bias", "LayerNorm.weight"]
- optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
- {"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters()
- if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], "weight_decay": weight_decay},
- {"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters()
- if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], "weight_decay": 0.0}
- ]
- optimizer = optim.AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=0.001)
- # 学习率调度
- scheduler = CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=50, eta_min=1e-5)
- # 训练参数
- epochs = experiment_config.get('epochs', 100)
- train_losses, train_accs, val_accs = [], [], []
- best_val_acc = 0.0
- # 创建实验专属日志文件
- log_file = f"{exp_dir}/training_log.csv"
- with open(log_file, 'w', newline='') as f:
- writer = csv.writer(f)
- writer.writerow(['epoch', 'train_loss', 'train_acc', 'val_acc', 'epoch_time', 'lr'])
- print(f"\n=== 开始实验: {experiment_name} ===")
- print(f"配置: {experiment_config}")
- # 训练循环
- for epoch in range(epochs):
- epoch_start = time.perf_counter()
- model.train()
- running_loss = 0.0
- correct = 0
- total = 0
- for inputs, labels in train_loader:
- inputs, labels = inputs.to(device), labels.to(device)
- optimizer.zero_grad()
- outputs = model(inputs)
- loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
- loss.backward()
- torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 1.0)
- optimizer.step()
- running_loss += loss.item()
- _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
- total += labels.size(0)
- correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
- scheduler.step()
- current_lr = scheduler.get_last_lr()[0]
- epoch_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)
- train_acc = 100 * correct / total
- train_losses.append(epoch_loss)
- train_accs.append(train_acc)
- # 验证阶段
- model.eval()
- val_correct = 0
- val_total = 0
- all_preds = []
- all_labels = []
- with torch.no_grad():
- for inputs, labels in test_loader:
- inputs, labels = inputs.to(device), labels.to(device)
- outputs = model(inputs)
- _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
- val_total += labels.size(0)
- val_correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
- all_preds.extend(predicted.cpu().numpy())
- all_labels.extend(labels.cpu().numpy())
- val_acc = 100 * val_correct / val_total
- val_accs.append(val_acc)
- # 保存最佳模型
- if val_acc > best_val_acc:
- best_val_acc = val_acc
- torch.save(model.state_dict(), f"{exp_dir}/best_model.pth")
- epoch_time = time.perf_counter() - epoch_start
- # 记录日志
- with open(log_file, 'a', newline='') as f:
- writer = csv.writer(f)
- writer.writerow([epoch + 1, epoch_loss, train_acc, val_acc, epoch_time, current_lr])
- if (epoch + 1) % 20 == 0:
- print(f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{epochs}, Loss: {epoch_loss:.4f}, '
- f'Train Acc: {train_acc:.2f}%, Val Acc: {val_acc:.2f}%')
- # 计算总训练时间
- total_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
- print(f'实验完成: {experiment_name}')
- print(f'总训练时间: {total_time:.2f}秒')
- print(f'最佳验证准确率: {best_val_acc:.2f}%')
- # 保存训练时间
- with open(f'{exp_dir}/training_time.txt', 'w') as f:
- f.write(f"实验名称: {experiment_name}\n")
- f.write(f"总训练时间: {total_time:.2f}秒\n")
- f.write(f"最佳验证准确率: {best_val_acc:.2f}%\n")
- f.write(f"配置参数: {experiment_config}\n")
- # 保存最终模型
- torch.save(model.state_dict(), f"{exp_dir}/final_model.pth")
- # 生成混淆矩阵和分类报告
- cm = confusion_matrix(all_labels, all_preds)
- plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
- sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='Blues',
- xticklabels=dataset.label_names,
- yticklabels=dataset.label_names)
- plt.title(f'混淆矩阵 - {experiment_name}')
- plt.xlabel('预测标签')
- plt.ylabel('真实标签')
- plt.savefig(f'{exp_dir}/confusion_matrix.png')
- plt.close()
- cm_df = pd.DataFrame(cm, index=dataset.label_names, columns=dataset.label_names)
- cm_df.to_csv(f'{exp_dir}/confusion_matrix.csv')
- report = classification_report(all_labels, all_preds, target_names=dataset.label_names)
- with open(f'{exp_dir}/classification_report.txt', 'w') as f:
- f.write(report)
- # 训练曲线可视化
- plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
- plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
- plt.plot(train_losses)
- plt.title('训练损失')
- plt.xlabel('训练轮次')
- plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
- plt.plot(train_accs, label='训练准确率')
- plt.plot(val_accs, label='验证准确率')
- plt.title('准确率曲线')
- plt.xlabel('训练轮次')
- plt.legend()
- plt.tight_layout()
- plt.savefig(f'{exp_dir}/training_curve.png')
- plt.close()
- # 保存训练曲线数据
- curve_df = pd.DataFrame({
- 'epoch': range(1, epochs + 1),
- 'train_loss': train_losses,
- 'train_acc': train_accs,
- 'val_acc': val_accs
- })
- curve_df.to_csv(f'{exp_dir}/training_curve_data.csv', index=False)
- return {
- 'experiment_name': experiment_name,
- 'config': experiment_config,
- 'best_val_acc': best_val_acc,
- 'total_time': total_time,
- 'final_val_acc': val_accs[-1] if val_accs else 0
- }
- # ===== 4. 消融实验主函数 =====
- def run_ablation_experiments(data_dir):
- """运行完整的消融实验系列"""
- # 定义消融实验配置
- ablation_configs = [
- # 基线配置
- {
- 'name': 'baseline',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- # 卷积层数量消融
- {
- 'name': 'conv_layers_2',
- 'conv_layers': 2,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 120
- },
- {
- 'name': 'conv_layers_4',
- 'conv_layers': 4,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256, 512],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- # 特征数消融
- {
- 'name': 'features_small',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [32, 64, 128],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- {
- 'name': 'features_large',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [128, 256, 512],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- # BatchNorm消融
- {
- 'name': 'no_batchnorm',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': False,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- # 正则化率消融
- {
- 'name': 'weight_decay_high',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.01,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- {
- 'name': 'weight_decay_low',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.0001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- # 批次大小消融
- {
- 'name': 'batch_size_16',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 16,
- 'epochs': 140
- },
- {
- 'name': 'batch_size_64',
- 'conv_layers': 3,
- 'feature_sizes': [64, 128, 256],
- 'use_batchnorm': True,
- 'weight_decay': 0.001,
- 'batch_size': 64,
- 'epochs': 140
- }
- ]
- # 运行所有实验
- results = []
- timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
- for config in ablation_configs:
- experiment_name = f"{timestamp}_{config['name']}"
- result = ablation_train_model(data_dir, config, experiment_name)
- results.append(result)
- # 短暂暂停,避免文件写入冲突
- time.sleep(1)
- # 生成消融实验总结报告
- generate_ablation_summary(results, timestamp)
- return results
- def generate_ablation_summary(results, timestamp):
- """生成消融实验总结报告"""
- summary_dir = f"experiments/summary_{timestamp}"
- os.makedirs(summary_dir, exist_ok=True)
- # 创建结果汇总表格
- summary_data = []
- for result in results:
- summary_data.append({
- '实验名称': result['experiment_name'],
- '卷积层数': result['config'].get('conv_layers', 3),
- '特征数': str(result['config'].get('feature_sizes', [64, 128, 256])),
- '使用BatchNorm': result['config'].get('use_batchnorm', True),
- '权重衰减': result['config'].get('weight_decay', 0.001),
- '批次大小': result['config'].get('batch_size', 32),
- '最佳验证准确率': f"{result['best_val_acc']:.2f}%",
- '最终验证准确率': f"{result['final_val_acc']:.2f}%",
- '总训练时间': f"{result['total_time']:.2f}秒"
- })
- summary_df = pd.DataFrame(summary_data)
- summary_df.to_csv(f"{summary_dir}/ablation_summary.csv", index=False, encoding='utf-8-sig')
- # 创建可视化比较图
- plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10))
- # 准确率比较
- plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
- names = [r['experiment_name'].split('_')[-1] for r in results]
- accuracies = [r['best_val_acc'] for r in results]
- plt.bar(names, accuracies)
- plt.title('各实验最佳验证准确率比较')
- plt.xticks(rotation=45)
- plt.ylabel('准确率 (%)')
- # 训练时间比较
- plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
- times = [r['total_time'] for r in results]
- plt.bar(names, times)
- plt.title('各实验总训练时间比较')
- plt.xticks(rotation=45)
- plt.ylabel('时间 (秒)')
- # 准确率-时间散点图
- plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
- plt.scatter(times, accuracies)
- for i, name in enumerate(names):
- plt.annotate(name, (times[i], accuracies[i]))
- plt.xlabel('训练时间 (秒)')
- plt.ylabel('准确率 (%)')
- plt.title('准确率 vs 训练时间')
- plt.tight_layout()
- plt.savefig(f"{summary_dir}/ablation_comparison.png", dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
- plt.close()
- print(f"\n=== 消融实验总结已保存至: {summary_dir} ===")
- print(summary_df.to_string(index=False))
- # ===== 5. 主程序 =====
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- data_dir = '.' # 当前目录下的子文件夹
- print("开始运行消融实验...")
- print("实验配置: 卷积层数量, 特征数, BatchNorm, 正则化率, 批次大小")
- # 运行消融实验
- results = run_ablation_experiments(data_dir)
- print("\n=== 所有实验完成 ===")
- print("各实验结果已分别保存到 experiments/ 目录下")
- print("总结报告已生成,包含准确率和训练时间的比较")
Ablation.py, under GPL-3.0 · at the source
Overview
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University,Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University,Xiamen, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,Singapore, Singapore
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore, Singapore
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
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Zenodo 20222608
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
6 files
- Ablation.py, Python, 573 lines, 1 match
- All exp-phrase-sentence.py, Python, 1,237 lines
- Comparison with different baseline.py, Python, 1,695 lines
- Different-loss-function.
py , Python, 511 lines, 1 match - Sample-for-train.py, Python, 226 lines
- Visualize.py, Python, 352 lines, 1 match
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Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74035-7.
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- no repository, dataset or request procedure was recognized in it
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74035-7.
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 21 authors, 3 keywords, 3 MeSH terms, 48 references.
Cite
This paper
Lin, Y., Yu, S., Liu, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Jiang, M., Su, G., Yu, Y., Chen, H., Luo, Y., Huang, Z., Li, C., Yu, J., Guo, Z., Su, Y., Chen, Z., Yang, L., Zhao, Z., Liao, Q., . . . Liao, X. (2026). An in-sensor communication electronic textile for imperceptible and ultrarobust silent speech. Nature communications, 17(1), 7182. https://
BibTeX
@article{lin2026sensor,
author = {Lin, Yuchen and Yu, Shifan and Liu, Lei and Wang, Huasen and Wang, Yuhui and Jiang, Mengting and Su, Gantang and Yu, Yue and Chen, Hongyu and Luo, Yanhao and Huang, Zijian and Li, Chenwei and Yu, Junzhi and Guo, Ziquan and Su, Yuhan and Chen, Zhong and Yang, Lichao and Zhao, Zhenyu and Liao, Qingliang and Zheng, Yuanjin and Liao, Xinqin},
title = {{An in-sensor communication electronic textile for imperceptible and ultrarobust silent speech}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {7182},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {42243139},
pmcid = {PMC13396449}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Lin, Yuchen
AU - Yu, Shifan
AU - Liu, Lei
AU - Wang, Huasen
AU - Wang, Yuhui
AU - Jiang, Mengting
AU - Su, Gantang
AU - Yu, Yue
AU - Chen, Hongyu
AU - Luo, Yanhao
AU - Huang, Zijian
AU - Li, Chenwei
AU - Yu, Junzhi
AU - Guo, Ziquan
AU - Su, Yuhan
AU - Chen, Zhong
AU - Yang, Lichao
AU - Zhao, Zhenyu
AU - Liao, Qingliang
AU - Zheng, Yuanjin
AU - Liao, Xinqin
TI - An in-sensor communication electronic textile for imperceptible and ultrarobust silent speech
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 7182
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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