Optimized feature gains explain and predict successes and failures of human selective listening.
The 17 matches · 2 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § Methods › Experiment 1: effect of distractors on attentional selection in monaural conditions › Stimuli ↔ corpus/saddler_word_rec.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.88 · IEEE AASP CASA, Spoken Wikipedia, Common Voice, Saddler, babble, music
- [2] § Methods › Cochlear model stage ↔ src/audio_attention_transforms.py, lines 292–346 · score 0.77 · gammatone filter bank, half wave, convolved, domain, compressive, downsampled
- [3] § Methods › Cochlear model stage ↔ src/audio_transforms.py, lines 309–360 · score 0.77 · gammatone filter bank, half wave, convolved, domain, compressive, downsampled
- [4] § Methods › Cochlear model stage ↔ src/time_domain_cochleagram.py, lines 15–82 · score 0.76 · compressive nonlinearity, impulse response, filter bank, downsampled, cochlea, channels
- [5] § Methods › Experiment 2: effect of harmonicity on attentional selection in monaural conditions › Stimuli ↔ src/get_swc_popham_expmt_stim_2024.py, lines 100–237 · score 0.72 · jitter pattern, Whispered speech, STRAIGHT, sinusoidal, cut, Inharmonic
- [6] § Methods › Experiment 2: effect of harmonicity on attentional selection in monaural conditions › Stimuli ↔ src/get_swc_popham_expmt_stim_2024_for_model.py, lines 81–225 · score 0.71 · jitter pattern, Whispered speech, STRAIGHT, sinusoidal, Inharmonic, harmonics
- [7] § Methods › Cochlear model stage ↔ src/audio_attention_transforms.py, lines 292–346 · score 0.71 · gammatone filter bank, half wave, compressive, downsampled, waveform, cochlea
- [8] § Results › The model replicates effects of speech harmonicity ↔ src/get_swc_popham_expmt_stim_2024_for_model.py, lines 81–225 · score 0.67 · speech harmonicity, whispered speech, cue signals, human word, inharmonic, talker
- [9] § Methods › Training data generation › Signal augmentations ↔ src/get_swc_popham_expmt_stim_2024.py, lines 100–237 · score 0.65 · target signals, RMS normalized, cue signal, onset, cut, duration
- [10] § Methods › Training data generation › Signal augmentations ↔ src/get_swc_unfamiliar_distractor_stim_2024.py, lines 50–135 · score 0.64 · target signals, RMS normalized, cue signal, onset, cut, duration
- [11] § Methods › Training data generation › Speech corpora ↔ corpus/saddler_word_rec.py, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.60 · Common Voice, word classes, word recognition, corpus, excerpts, train
- [12] § Methods › Experiment 1: effect of distractors on attentional selection in monaural conditions › Stimuli ↔ src/get_swc_mono_expmt_stim_2024.py, lines 14–144 · score 0.56 · talker Mandarin, distractor signals, babble, music, English, scenes
- [13] § Methods › Experiment 5: the precedence effect with concurrent speech signals › Model experiment ↔ src/eval_precedence.py, lines 107–174 · score 0.53 · anechoic room, lead channel, precedence, binaural, location, SNRs
- [14] § Methods › Artificial neural network constituent operations › Weighted-average pooling ↔ src/custom_modules.py, lines 23–75 · score 0.52 · channel dimension, Hanning, windows, stride, Weighted, convolution
- [15] § Methods › Experiment 6: effect of spatial separation in azimuth and elevation › Procedure ↔ src/get_swc_unfamiliar_distractor_stim_2024.py, lines 50–135 · score 0.51 · combined signal, cue signal, SPL, dB, excerpt, stimuli
- [16] § Methods › Analysis of model locus of attention ↔ src/eval_symmetric_distractors.py, lines 99–175 · score 0.51 · RMS normalized, single distractor, composed, excerpts, signals, stimuli
- [17] § Methods › Experiment 4: spatial tuning for masked speech › Model experiment ↔ notebooks/Paper_Figs_Raw_Analysis/Byrne_et_al_model_simulation_all_arch.ipynb, lines 368–466 · score 0.50 · model simulation, Model thresholds, fitting, 18 dB, sex, azimuth
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 92 lines · 3.7 KB · MIT · 2 matches
- # write torch dataloader for test set
- import torch
- import pandas as pd
- import librosa
- import pickle
- from pathlib import Path
- class SaddlerSWCWordRecTest(torch.utils.data.Dataset):
- """
- Dataset for the Saddler word recognition experiment using
- foreground excerpts from Spoken Wikipedia. Backgrounds are
- either:
- - music from musdb
- - 8 talkerbabble from common voice
- - spectrally matched noise (SSN; match each foreground)
- - Festen and Plomp style modulated maskers
- - audioset
- - natural scenes from IEEE AASP CASA challenge
- - clean (no background)
- """
- def __init__(self, manifest_path, bg_stim_path, condition, label_type="WSN", sr=20_000):
- """
- Args:
- manifest_path (str): path to pandas manifest with fg and cue excerpts
- bg_stim_path (str): path to directory with background stimuli
- condition (str): background condition. Either "music", "babble", "stationary", "modulated", "audioset", "ieee_scenes", or "clean"
- label_type (str): Set of word class labels to use. Either "WSN" (JSIN) or "CV" common voice
- sr (int): sampling rate to load audio at
- """
- self.manifest = pd.read_pickle(manifest_path)
- self.condition = condition
- self.label_type = label_type
- self.sr = sr
- self.condition_dict = {'music':"background_musdb18hq",
- "babble":"background_cv08talkerbabble",
- "stationary": "background_issnstationary",
- "modulated": "background_issnfestenplomp",
- "audioset": "background_audioset",
- "ieee_scenes": "background_ieeeaaspcasa",
- }
- if condition == "clean":
- self.bg_stim = None
- self.test_cond_dir = None
- else:
- self.test_cond_dir = self.condition_dict[self.condition]
- self.bg_stim = list((bg_stim_path / self.test_cond_dir).glob("*.wav"))
- self.class_map, self.word_2_class = self.class_map()
- self.dataset_len = len(self.manifest)
- def class_map(self):
- """
- Loads the mapping between the word IDX and human readable word map.
- """
- if self.label_type == "WSN":
- ## load WSN vocab mapping
- word_and_speaker_encodings = pickle.load( open( "/om2/user/imgriff/projects/Auditory-Attention/word_and_speaker_encodings_jsinv3.pckl", "rb" ))
- class_map = word_and_speaker_encodings['word_idx_to_word']
- elif self.label_type == "CV":
- class_map = pickle.load( open("/om2/user/imgriff/datasets/commonvoice_9/en/cv_800_word_label_to_int_dict.pkl", "rb" ))
- word_2_class = {v:k for k,v in class_map.items()}
- return class_map, word_2_class
- def __getitem__(self, index):
- """
- Gets components of the hdf5 file that are used for training
- Args:
- index (int): index into the hdf5 file
- Returns:
- [signal, target] : the training audio (signal) containing the preprocessing
- which may combine the foreground and background speech, and the target idx
- specified by target_keys.
- """
- foreground, _ = librosa.load(self.manifest['src_fn'][index], sr=self.sr)
- cue, _ = librosa.load(self.manifest['cue_src_fn'][index], sr=self.sr)
- if self.condition == "clean":
- background = None
- else:
- background, _ = librosa.load(self.bg_stim[index], sr=self.sr)
- word = self.manifest['word'][index]
- word_label = self.word_2_class[word]
- return cue, foreground, background, word_label
- def __len__(self):
- return self.dataset_len
saddler_word_rec.py at commit bb61769, under MIT · at the source
Overview
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Biosciences and Technology, Harvard University,Cambridge, MA USA
- Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA USA
Abstract
Attention facilitates communication by enabling selective listening to sound sources of interest. However, little is known about why attentional selection succeeds in some conditions but fails in others. While neurophysiology implicates multiplicative feature gains in selective attention, it is unclear whether such gains can explain real-world attention-driven behaviour. Here we optimized an artificial neural network with stimulus-computable feature gains to recognize a cued talker’s speech from binaural audio in ‘cocktail party’ scenarios. Though not trained to mimic humans, the model produced human-like performance across diverse real-world conditions, exhibiting selection based both on voice qualities and on spatial location as well as selection failures in conditions where humans tended to fail. It also predicted novel attentional effects that we confirmed in human experiments, and exhibited signatures of ‘late selection’ like those seen in human auditory cortex. The results suggest that human-like attentional strategies naturally arise from the optimization of feature gains for selective listening.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 17 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
mcdermottLab/auditory_attention
bb617690c0e2f7713721650e8c1e164122874b39, 31 March 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers
- 30 September 2026: the link answers
144 files
- corpus/
binaural_attention_h5.py , Python, 515 lines - corpus/
binaural_swc_currated_pd , Python, 183 lines.py - corpus/
saddler_word_rec.py , Python, 92 lines, 2 matches - corpus/
speaker_room_dataset.py , Python, 235 lines - corpus/
speech_and_texture_test. , Python, 56 linespy - corpus/
swc_mono_test.py , Python, 295 lines - corpus/
swc_popham_test_h5.py , Python, 90 lines - notebooks/
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Paper_Figs_Raw_Analysis/ , Jupyter, 719 linesplot_thresholds_2024_tri als_human_conds_pink_noi se.ipynb - scripts/
get_binaural_stim_transc , Shell, 31 linesripts.sh - scripts/
get_human_thresholds.sh , Shell, 23 lines - scripts/
get_swc_prolific_transcr , Shell, 23 linesipts.sh - scripts/
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jupyter_torch2.sh , Shell, 25 lines - scripts/
make_swc_binaural_azim_s , Shell, 19 linespotlight_stim_2024.sh - scripts/
make_swc_mono_expt_stim_ , Shell, 19 lines2024.sh - scripts/
make_swc_popham_expt_sti , Shell, 19 linesm_2024.sh - scripts/
make_swc_popham_expt_sti , Shell, 23 linesm_2024_for_model.sh - scripts/
make_swc_unfamiliar_dist , Shell, 21 linesractor_stim_2024.sh - scripts/
run_get_acts_for_tuning_ , Shell, 34 linesand_selection_analysis.s h - scripts/
run_get_acts_for_tuning_ , Shell, 34 linesanova_jsin.sh - scripts/
run_unit_tuning_anova_pa , Shell, 27 linesrallel.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_popham_swc , Shell, 31 lines_stim.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_popham_swc , Shell, 30 lines_stim_alt_archs.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_popham_swc , Shell, 32 lines_stim_control_archs.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_saddler_te , Shell, 31 linestxture_bg.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_swc_stim_2 , Shell, 34 lines024.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_swc_stim_2 , Shell, 32 lines024_alt_archs.sh - scripts/
test_binaural_swc_stim_2 , Shell, 52 lines024_control_archs.sh - scripts/
test_cue_duration.sh , Shell, 30 lines - scripts/
test_model_precedence_ef , Shell, 108 linesfect_distractor.sh - scripts/
test_simulate_2024_human , Shell, 105 lines_azim_spotlight_experime nt_v02_alt_archs.sh - scripts/
test_simulate_2024_human , Shell, 31 lines_azim_spotlight_experime nt_v02_alt_archs_ssn.sh - scripts/
test_simulate_2024_human , Shell, 49 lines_azim_spotlight_experime nt_v02_control_archs.sh - scripts/
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test_simulate_2024_human , Shell, 48 lines_threshold_experiment_v0 2_control_archs.sh - scripts/
test_simulate_all_target , Shell, 31 lines_distractor_positions.sh - scripts/
test_simulate_byrne_et_a , Shell, 130 linesl_2023_all_archs.sh - scripts/
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train_binaural_single_mo , Shell, 43 linesdel.sh - src/
__init__.py , Python, 1 line - src/
audio_attention_transfor , Python, 609 lines, 2 matchesms.py - src/
audio_transforms.py , Python, 900 lines, 1 match - src/
custom_modules.py , Python, 355 lines, 1 match - src/
eval_cue_duration.py , Python, 258 lines - src/
eval_precedence.py , Python, 356 lines, 1 match - src/
eval_sim_array_spotlight , Python, 426 lines_experiment_v02.py - src/
eval_sim_array_threshold , Python, 467 lines_experiment_v02.py - src/
eval_swc_mono_stim.py , Python, 395 lines - src/
eval_swc_popham_2024.py , Python, 216 lines - src/
eval_symmetric_distracto , Python, 415 lines, 1 matchrs.py - src/
eval_texture_backgrounds , Python, 182 lines.py - src/
get_acts_for_tuning_and_ , Python, 574 linesselection_analysis.py - src/
get_acts_for_tuning_anov , Python, 436 linesa_jsin.py - src/
get_human_thresholds.py , Python, 258 lines - src/
get_swc_binaural_azim_sp , Python, 139 linesotlight_stim_2024.py - src/
get_swc_binaural_manifes , Python, 124 linest_transcripts.py - src/
get_swc_mono_expmt_stim_ , Python, 155 lines, 1 match2024.py - src/
get_swc_popham_expmt_sti , Python, 274 lines, 2 matchesm_2024.py - src/
get_swc_popham_expmt_sti , Python, 262 lines, 2 matchesm_2024_for_model.py - src/
get_swc_prolific_manifes , Python, 114 linest_transcripts.py - src/
get_swc_unfamiliar_distr , Python, 166 lines, 2 matchesactor_stim_2024.py - src/
layers/ , Python, 39 linesconv2d_same.py - src/
layers/ , Python, 75 linespadding.py - src/
make_swc_test_stimuli.py , Python, 193 lines - src/
spatial_attn_architectur , Python, 369 linese.py - src/
spatial_attn_lightning.p , Python, 377 linesy - src/
spatialtrain.py , Python, 206 lines - src/
time_domain_cochleagram. , Python, 288 lines, 1 matchpy - src/
unit_tuning_anova_parall , Python, 278 linesel_jsin.py - src/
util_analysis.py , Python, 595 lines - src/
util_process_prolific.py , Python, 186 lines - src/
util_tfrecord.py , Python, 323 lines - LICENSE, License, 21 lines
- README.md, Text, 132 lines
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Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
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The code used for modelling and data analysis in this study is available via GitHub at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 3 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 78 references.
Cite
This paper
Griffith, I. M., Hess, R. P., & McDermott, J. H. (2026). Optimized feature gains explain and predict successes and failures of human selective listening. Nature human behaviour, 10(5), 937-959. https://
BibTeX
@article{griffith2026opt
author = {Griffith, Ian M. and Hess, R. Preston and McDermott, Josh H.},
title = {{Optimized feature gains explain and predict successes and failures of human selective listening}},
journal = {Nature human behaviour},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {937--959},
publisher = {Nature Portfolio},
issn = {2397-3374},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {41826525},
pmcid = {PMC13192276}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Griffith, Ian M.
AU - Hess, R. Preston
AU - McDermott, Josh H.
TI - Optimized feature gains explain and predict successes and failures of human selective listening
T2 - Nature human behaviour
J2 - Nat Hum Behav
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 10
IS - 5
SP - 937
EP - 959
SN - 2397-3374
PB - Nature Portfolio
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"container-title": "Nature human behaviour",
"author": [
{
"family": "Griffith",
"given": "Ian M."
},
{
"family": "Hess",
"given": "R. Preston"
},
{
"family": "McDermott",
"given": "Josh H."
}
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"volume": "10",
"issue": "5",
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"DOI": "10.1038/
"PMID": "41826525",
"PMCID": "PMC13192276",
"ISSN": "2397-3374",
"publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
3,
13
]
]
}
}
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