OSCR

A neuroprosthesis for restoring hand movement and sensation in a person with complete tetraplegia.

Overview

Authors: Santosh Chandrasekaran1, Sarah K Wandelt1, Aniket Jangam1, Zeev Elias1, Erona Ibroci1, Christina Maffei1,2, Isabelle A Rosenthal1, Richard Ramdeo1, Joo-won Kim3, Junqian Xu3, Matthew F Glasser4, Allison Neuwirth5, Todd A Goldstein1,5, Nathan E Crone6, Matthew S Fifer7, Gelana Tostaeva1, Stephan Bickel1,8,9, Douglas Griffin2, Michael Funaro8, Nicholas G Carras8, Rachel Pruitt8, Netanel Ben-Shalom10, Adam B Stein11, Ashesh D Mehta1,8,9, Chad E Bouton1,8,9
ORCID iDs: Aniket Jangam, Erona Ibroci, Junqian Xu, Nathan E Crone, Matthew S Fifer, Gelana Tostaeva, Stephan Bickel, Chad E Bouton
  1. Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
  2. Northwell Health STARS Rehabilitation, Northwell Health, East Meadow, NY USA
  3. Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
  4. Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO USA
  5. Northwell Center for Learning and Innovation, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
  6. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
  7. Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
  8. North Shore University Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
  9. Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA
  10. Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY USA
  11. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
Institutions: Northwell Health (United States); Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (United States); Baylor College of Medicine (United States); Washington University in St. Louis (United States); Johns Hopkins Medicine (United States); Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (United States); North Shore University Hospital (United States); Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell (United States); Lenox Hill Hospital (United States); Hofstra University (United States)
Journal: Nature medicine, volume 32, issue 7, pages 2591-2601
Dates: received 6 January 2026; accepted 2 June 2026; published online 16 July 2026; in print 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0 · PMID 42463883 · PMCID PMC13375563 · OpenAlex W7168776168
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: human (organism), other condition (population)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Spectral & time-frequency, Machine learning, fMRI & imaging, Physiology & signal measures, Preprocessing
Keywords: Neurological disorders, Movement disorders
MeSH: Hand*, Neural Prostheses*, Quadriplegia*, Sensation*, Spinal Cord Injuries*, Adult, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Humans, Male, Movement, Recovery of Function (* major topic)
Topic: EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: New York State Department of Health (C37718GG); in manuscript
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 45 references in the paper

Abstract

Millions of people worldwide are living with movement and sensory impairments owing to spinal cord injury, stroke and other neurological conditions. Here we report a double neural bypass (DNB), a hybrid neuroprosthetic system designed to restore both immediate and lasting gains in movement and sensation after a severe, complete spinal cord injury. The DNB links an intracortical brain–computer interface with targeted and patterned neuromodulation of the spinal cord and cortex. This allows brain signals associated with movement intention to directly control the movement of the user’s own hand in real time while also promoting long-term sensorimotor recovery—even after the system is turned off. The DNB system uses recurrent artificial neural networks and reinforcement learning for fine grasp control, together with patterned spinal cord stimulation and activity-informed intracortical microstimulation (‘cortical mirroring’) to promote neuroplasticity and durable recovery of function. In a participant with chronic C4 sensory/C5 motor complete tetraplegia, this hybrid approach enabled recovery of functional abilities including self-feeding and manipulation of delicate objects, while also producing significant and persistent improvements in elbow flexion and wrist tactile sensation. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining a sensorimotor neuroprosthesis with targeted brain and spinal neuromodulation to restore clinically relevant function in severe paralysis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

Code availability

All custom code (MATLAB 2024b, Python 3.09, SAS 9.4) to produce figures in the paper can be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Requests may be directed to the corresponding author, with an estimated response time within 3 weeks.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

Identifiable patient data are not freely available owing to confidentiality, but de-identified data requests may be directed to the corresponding author. Requests will be reviewed for compliance with confidentiality restrictions, with an estimated response time within 3 weeks.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: n/a → Nature Portfolio

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 25 authors, 2 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 42 references.

Cite

This paper

Chandrasekaran, S., Wandelt, S. K., Jangam, A., Elias, Z., Ibroci, E., Maffei, C., Rosenthal, I. A., Ramdeo, R., Kim, J.-w., Xu, J., Glasser, M. F., Neuwirth, A., Goldstein, T. A., Crone, N. E., Fifer, M. S., Tostaeva, G., Bickel, S., Griffin, D., Funaro, M., . . . Bouton, C. E. (2026). A neuroprosthesis for restoring hand movement and sensation in a person with complete tetraplegia. Nature medicine, 32(7), 2591-2601. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0

BibTeX

@article{chandrasekaran2026neuroprosthesis,
author = {Chandrasekaran, Santosh and Wandelt, Sarah K and Jangam, Aniket and Elias, Zeev and Ibroci, Erona and Maffei, Christina and Rosenthal, Isabelle A and Ramdeo, Richard and Kim, Joo-won and Xu, Junqian and Glasser, Matthew F and Neuwirth, Allison and Goldstein, Todd A and Crone, Nathan E and Fifer, Matthew S and Tostaeva, Gelana and Bickel, Stephan and Griffin, Douglas and Funaro, Michael and Carras, Nicholas G and Pruitt, Rachel and Ben-Shalom, Netanel and Stein, Adam B and Mehta, Ashesh D and Bouton, Chad E},
title = {{A neuroprosthesis for restoring hand movement and sensation in a person with complete tetraplegia}},
journal = {Nature medicine},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {32},
number = {7},
pages = {2591--2601},
publisher = {Nature Portfolio},
issn = {1078-8956},
doi = {10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0},
pmid = {42463883},
pmcid = {PMC13375563}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Chandrasekaran, Santosh
AU - Wandelt, Sarah K
AU - Jangam, Aniket
AU - Elias, Zeev
AU - Ibroci, Erona
AU - Maffei, Christina
AU - Rosenthal, Isabelle A
AU - Ramdeo, Richard
AU - Kim, Joo-won
AU - Xu, Junqian
AU - Glasser, Matthew F
AU - Neuwirth, Allison
AU - Goldstein, Todd A
AU - Crone, Nathan E
AU - Fifer, Matthew S
AU - Tostaeva, Gelana
AU - Bickel, Stephan
AU - Griffin, Douglas
AU - Funaro, Michael
AU - Carras, Nicholas G
AU - Pruitt, Rachel
AU - Ben-Shalom, Netanel
AU - Stein, Adam B
AU - Mehta, Ashesh D
AU - Bouton, Chad E
TI - A neuroprosthesis for restoring hand movement and sensation in a person with complete tetraplegia
T2 - Nature medicine
J2 - Nat Med
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/16
VL - 32
IS - 7
SP - 2591
EP - 2601
SN - 1078-8956
PB - Nature Portfolio
DO - 10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04498-0
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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