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SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 128 lines · 3.1 KB · GPL-3.0

  1. function smarterd = TFfindRespFreq2(TF_subj,timeVec,freqVec,thr_max);
  3. %TF_subj ERDgram freq x time in alpha or beta (e.g. 7:16 Hz - for alpha 1 bin is
  4. %added for each side, it is needed in the peak search procedure)
  5. %timeVec time vector in secs
  6. %freqVec frequency vector in the alpha or beta band, in Hz
  7. %thr_max SmartERD threshold
  9. %%% Reference "SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common
  10. %%% peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics", Sara Spadone,
  11. %%% Carlo Sestieri, Paolo Capotosto, Antonello Baldassarre, Stefano Sensi,
  12. %%% Stefania Della Penna, Scientific Reports 2025
  15. %%peak search procedure to identify all 2D peaks in the ERDgram, for each frequency bin
  17. TF_subj=-TF_subj;
  19. deltat=timeVec(2)-timeVec(1);
  21. pks_end=[]; locs_end=[]; freqs_end=[];
  22. smarterd=[];
  24. for ind=1:size(TF_subj,1)-1
  26. if ind~=1
  28. [pks,locs]=findpeaks(TF_subj(ind,:));
  29. locs(find(pks<0))=[];
  30. pks(find(pks<0))=[];
  32. freqs=ones(size(locs)).*ind;
  33. ind_locs=0;
  35. while ind_locs<length(locs)
  36. ind_locs=ind_locs+1;
  38. junk=ind-1:ind+1;
  39. junk(find((junk==0) | (junk>size(TF_subj,1))))=[];
  40. [pks_tmp,pos_peak]=findpeaks(TF_subj(junk,locs(ind_locs)));
  41. if pos_peak~=2
  43. pks(ind_locs)=[]; locs(ind_locs)=[]; freqs(ind_locs)=[];
  44. ind_locs=ind_locs-1;
  45. end
  47. end
  49. pks_end=[pks_end,pks];
  50. locs_end=[locs_end,locs];
  51. freqs_end=[freqs_end,freqs];
  53. end
  54. end
  56. if ~isempty(pks_end)
  59. [global_amp b]=max(pks_end); %AEP
  60. global_lat=locs_end(b); %AEP latency
  61. junk=global_amp-thr_max*(-global_amp+100)*2; %BOUNDARY
  62. junk2=find(pks_end>=junk);
  63. [smarterd_ind_lat b]=min(locs_end(junk2)); %select the first peak within BOUNDARY
  64. smarterd_amp=pks_end(junk2(b));
  65. smarterd_ind_freq=freqs_end(junk2(b));
  66. smarterd_amp=-smarterd_amp;
  67. else
  69. [smarterd_amp]=NaN;
  71. end
  75. if ~isnan(smarterd_amp)
  77. smarterd.lat=timeVec(smarterd_ind_lat)+1;
  78. smarterd.freq=freqVec(smarterd_ind_freq);
  79. smarterd.amp=smarterd_amp;
  80. smarterd.global_amp=global_amp;
  81. smarterd.global_lat=global_lat;
  84. wav=-TF_subj(smarterd_ind_freq,:);
  86. temp_onset=wav(1:smarterd_ind_lat);
  87. temp_offset=wav(smarterd_ind_lat:end);
  90. cross_onset=find(temp_onset>0);
  91. cross_offset=find(temp_offset>0);
  94. if ~isempty(cross_onset)
  95. smarterd.onset=cross_onset(end);
  96. else
  97. smarterd.onset=1;
  98. end
  99. if ~isempty(cross_offset)
  100. smarterd.offset=cross_offset(1)+smarterd_ind_lat-1;
  101. else
  102. smarterd.offset=length(wav);
  103. end
  104. smarterd.area_wav=abs(trapz(wav(smarterd.onset:smarterd.offset)))*deltat;
  107. smarterd.duration=smarterd.offset-smarterd.onset;
  108. smarterd.wav=wav;
  110. else
  112. smarterd.amp=smarted_amp;
  114. smarterd.lat=NaN; smarterd.freq=NaN;
  116. smarterd.wav=NaN;
  117. smarterd.onset=NaN; smarterd.offset=NaN; smarterd.area_wav=NaN;
  118. smarterd.duration=NaN;
  119. end
  121. end

TFfindRespFreq2_scirep.m, under GPL-3.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Sara Spadone1, Carlo Sestieri2, Paolo Capotosto2,3, Antonello Baldassarre2, Stefano L. Sensi2, Stefania Della Penna2,3
ORCID iDs: Sara Spadone
  1. UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences,Rome, Italy
  2. Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara,Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100 Italy
  3. Research Center, UdA-TechLab, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara,Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100 Italy
Institutions: Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences (Italy); University of Chieti-Pescara (Italy)
Journal: n/a, volume 15, issue 1, article 45486
Dates: received 25 June 2025; accepted 11 November 2025; published online 27 November 2025
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: none stated
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5 · PMCID PMC12748784 · OpenAlex W4416752546
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), MEG (modality), human (organism), methods / tools (subfield)
Keywords: Time-frequency analysis, ERD dynamics, Feature extraction, Individual variability, TFR variance, Magnetoencephalography, Neuroscience, Biomedical engineering
MeSH: Brain*, Electroencephalography*, Magnetoencephalography*, Adult, Algorithms, Humans, Male (* major topic)
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council (828784); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (Departments of Excellence 2023–2027 - CUP: D57G22000370001); Fundação Bial (#159-2016); NextGenerationEU (ECS00000041)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 46 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (none stated) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

Zenodo 17534724

License: GPL-3.0
State: the link answers, verified on 26 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 1 file
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Code availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Signal Processing Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 26 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
5 files
At the source:

sdpenna66/smarterd

License: GPL-3.0
State: the link answers, verified on 26 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 9e5d9b6c3986060440e763f57ccae079ff7651ac, 5 November 2025
Languages: MATLAB (3)
Size: 8 files, 3 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the Zenodo archive record
Holds: README, license file
Not found: CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Signal Processing Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers
  • 26 September 2026: the link answers
5 files
At the source: github.com/sdpenna66/SmartERD/tree/v1.0.0

Code availability statement

The paper has a code availability statement. Its license (none stated) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it points to the authors' code: Zenodo 17534724

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability statement

The paper has a data availability statement. Its license (none stated) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 6 authors, 8 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 45 references.

Cite

This paper

Spadone, S., Sestieri, C., Capotosto, P., Baldassarre, A., Sensi, S. L., & Della Penna, S. (2025). SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 45486. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5

BibTeX

@article{spadone2025smarterd,
author = {Spadone, Sara and Sestieri, Carlo and Capotosto, Paolo and Baldassarre, Antonello and Sensi, Stefano L. and Della Penna, Stefania},
title = {{SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics}},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2025},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {45486},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5},
pmcid = {PMC12748784}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Spadone, Sara
AU - Sestieri, Carlo
AU - Capotosto, Paolo
AU - Baldassarre, Antonello
AU - Sensi, Stefano L.
AU - Della Penna, Stefania
TI - SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics
T2 - Scientific Reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2025
DA - 2025
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 45486
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "SmartERD: a pipeline for referencing subjects to a common peak in the analysis of ERD dynamics",
"container-title": "Scientific Reports",
"author": [
{
"family": "Spadone",
"given": "Sara"
},
{
"family": "Sestieri",
"given": "Carlo"
},
{
"family": "Capotosto",
"given": "Paolo"
},
{
"family": "Baldassarre",
"given": "Antonello"
},
{
"family": "Sensi",
"given": "Stefano L."
},
{
"family": "Della Penna",
"given": "Stefania"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Rep",
"volume": "15",
"issue": "1",
"page": "45486",
"DOI": "10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5",
"PMCID": "PMC12748784",
"ISSN": "2045-2322",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28583-5",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025
]
]
}
}

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