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Neural correlates of adversity-overcoming pup rescue behavior in female mice.

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Paper

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The authors' code

Markdown · 4 lines · 310 B · no license

  1. # Prokofeva_Shibamiya_et_el_2026_code
  3. - DLC_analysis: R code for analyses of behaivors using DeepLabCut.
  4. - dendrogram_and_correlation_matrix: R code for creating dentrograms of latencies to behaviors and cFos cell densities in examined brain regions and Spearman correlation heatmap between these parameters.

README.md at commit ad44cfa, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Kseniia Prokofeva1, Mizuki Shibamiya1, Rin Kawata1, Chihiro Yoshihara1, Kumi O. Kuroda1,2
ORCID iDs: Kseniia Prokofeva
  1. School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo,Yokohama, 226-8501 Kanagawa Japan
  2. Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science,Wako, 351-0198 Saitama Japan
Institutions: Institute of Science Tokyo (Japan); RIKEN Center for Brain Science (Japan)
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 11844
Dates: received 29 July 2025; accepted 7 January 2026; published online 3 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7 · PMID 41775763 · PMCID PMC13066482 · OpenAlex W7133314535
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: empty repository
Categories: human (organism), mouse (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Machine learning, Connectivity
Keywords: Alloparental care, Pup retrieval, Rescue, C-Fos, Altruism, Evolution, Neuroscience, Zoology
MeSH: Behavior, Animal*, Brain*, Maternal Behavior*, Neurons*, Animals, Female, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos (* major topic)
Topic: Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior (Social Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (JP25K18581); Mitsubishi Electric Software Scholarship; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (JP22K12236, JP23K23927); Bioscience Research Grant of Takeda Science Foundation
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 60 references in the paper
Research resources: RRID:AB_2106783, RRID:AB_2336201

Abstract

Rescuing infants under threat is a fundamental parental behavior in mammals. However, the behavioral expression and neural correlates of adversity-overcoming infant rescue in non-parental female individuals remain poorly understood. In this study, we first established a novel pup rescue paradigm with scalable adversity, in which mothers and virgin female mice have to cross a water pool of varying depths (0, 3, or 20 mm) to retrieve pups into the nest. We unexpectedly found that virgin females were less averse to water and retrieved pups faster than mothers. Next, we implemented an additional hurdle by trapping pups into a tube, so that female mice had to cross the pool and open the tubes to rescue pups. The rescuer virgin females in this “trapped pup” rescue task showed increased neuronal activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral septum, anterior commissural nucleus, basolateral amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus, compared with non-rescuers. The c-Fos+ cell densities in these regions showed significant negative correlations with the latencies to rescue behaviors suggesting their positive impact on rescue. Given that the virgin females do not have genetic relations to the rescuee pups, our findings provide a basis for further analyses of adversity-overcoming altruistic behavior and its neural correlates.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

k-prokofeva/Prokofeva_Shibamiya_et_al_2026_code

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: ad44cfabdc6e833837d4f5a9e62d8641b8d3bdaf, 13 January 2026
Size: 3 files, 0 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers
  • 30 September 2026: the link answers
1 file
At the source: github.com/k-prokofeva/Prokofeva_Shibamiya_et_al_2026_code

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

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  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
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Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. Codes for behavioral analysis after DLC tracking and Spearman correlation matrix are available on GitHub (https://github.com/k-prokofeva/Prokofeva_Shibamiya_et_al_2026_code).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 8 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 55 references, 2 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Prokofeva, K., Shibamiya, M., Kawata, R., Yoshihara, C., & Kuroda, K. O. (2026). Neural correlates of adversity-overcoming pup rescue behavior in female mice. Scientific reports, 16(1), 11844. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7

BibTeX

@article{prokofeva2026neural,
author = {Prokofeva, Kseniia and Shibamiya, Mizuki and Kawata, Rin and Yoshihara, Chihiro and Kuroda, Kumi O.},
title = {{Neural correlates of adversity-overcoming pup rescue behavior in female mice}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {11844},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7},
pmid = {41775763},
pmcid = {PMC13066482}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Prokofeva, Kseniia
AU - Shibamiya, Mizuki
AU - Kawata, Rin
AU - Yoshihara, Chihiro
AU - Kuroda, Kumi O.
TI - Neural correlates of adversity-overcoming pup rescue behavior in female mice
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/03
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 11844
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35639-7
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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