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EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping.

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 68 lines · 1.9 KB · no license

  1. function [new_data] = apply_idtw(pre_data, fs)
  2. % Input
  3. % - pre_data: three-dimensional data [number of channels, number of samples, number of trials]
  4. % - fs: sampling rate (Hz)
  5. % Output
  6. % - new_data: data processed via the proposed IDTW [number of channels, number of samples, number of trials]
  7. new_data = zeros(size(pre_data));
  9. for i_ch=1:2
  10. flag_end = 0;
  11. count = 1;
  12. temp_sig = permute(squeeze(pre_data(i_ch,:,:)),[2 1]);
  13. pre_mean_sig = mean(temp_sig,1);
  15. while(flag_end == 0)
  16. [temp_sig2,~]= make_dtw2(temp_sig,fs,pre_mean_sig);
  17. current_mean_sig = mean(temp_sig2,1);
  19. if (sqrt(sum(current_mean_sig.^2)) * 0.01 > sqrt(sum((current_mean_sig - pre_mean_sig).^2))) || (count>=50)
  20. flag_end = 1;
  21. break;
  22. end
  24. pre_mean_sig = current_mean_sig;
  25. count = count + 1;
  26. end
  28. new_data(i_ch,:,:) = permute(temp_sig2,[2 1]);
  29. end
  30. end
  32. function [sig_r,indx] = make_dtw2(sig,fs,sig_m)
  33. sig_r = zeros(size(sig));
  34. n = length(sig_m);
  35. indx = zeros(size(sig));
  37. for i = 1:size(sig,1)
  38. c = zeros(n,n);
  39. sig_t = sig(i,:);
  41. for i1=1:n
  42. for i2=1:n
  43. c(i1,i2) = abs(sig_m(i1) - sig_t(i2));
  44. end
  45. end
  47. [dist,ix,iy] = dtw(sig_m,sig_t,'absolute');
  49. sig_r(i,1) = sig_t(1);
  50. indx(i,1) = 1;
  51. count = 1;
  52. for ii = 2:length(ix)
  53. d = ix(ii) - ix(ii-1);
  54. if d ~= 0
  55. count = count + 1;
  56. sig_r(i,count) = sig_t(iy(ii));
  57. indx(i,count) = iy(ii);
  58. end
  59. end
  61. n=3;
  62. wn=30;
  63. fn=fs/2;
  64. ftype='low';
  65. [b, a]=butter(n,wn/fn,ftype);
  66. sig_r(i,:)=filtfilt(b,a,sig_r(i,:));
  67. end
  68. end

apply_idtw.m at commit 28e3b7a, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Minho Choi1, Jang-Han Bae1,2, Kahye Kim1, Kyu Yeong Choi3, Sarang Kang3, Kun Ho Lee3,4,5, Jaeuk U. Kim1,6
  1. Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine,Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
  2. Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB),Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
  3. Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University,Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
  4. Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University,Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
  5. Korea Brain Research Institute,Deagu, 41062 Republic of Korea
  6. KM Convergence Science, University of Science and Technology,Daejeon, 34054 Republic of Korea
Institutions: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (South Korea); Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (South Korea); Chosun University (South Korea); Korea Brain Research Institute (South Korea); Korea University of Science and Technology (South Korea)
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 24102
Dates: received 20 October 2025; accepted 20 May 2026; published online 26 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7 · PMID 42191809 · PMCID PMC13439368 · OpenAlex W7162433208
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: Biomarkers, Neurology, Neuroscience
MeSH: Cognitive Dysfunction*, Electroencephalography*, Aged, Biomarkers, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Prefrontal Cortex (* major topic)
Topic: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting (Signal Processing, Computer Science), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (KIOM); National Research Council of Science & Technology- Aging Convergence Research Center; Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea; Korea Brain Research Institute from the Ministry of Science and ICT; Korea National Institute of Health research project
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 42 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

minho17/EEG_IDTW

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 28e3b7a7d49d9afd59a4af665ded7a137955c8a5, 15 May 2026
Languages: MATLAB (1), Python (1)
Size: 4 files, 2 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availibility”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Signal Processing Toolbox (1 file), NumPy (1 file), SciPy (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
3 files
At the source: github.com/minho17/EEG_IDTW

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 2 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Code and data availability statement

The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it points to the authors' code: minho17/EEG_IDTW
  • it says that the data are available on request

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 3 keywords, 9 MeSH terms, 5 funders, 42 references.

Cite

This paper

Choi, M., Bae, J.-H., Kim, K., Choi, K. Y., Kang, S., Lee, K. H., & Kim, J. U. (2026). EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping. Scientific reports, 16(1), 24102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7

BibTeX

@article{choi2026eeg,
author = {Choi, Minho and Bae, Jang-Han and Kim, Kahye and Choi, Kyu Yeong and Kang, Sarang and Lee, Kun Ho and Kim, Jaeuk U.},
title = {{EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {24102},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7},
pmid = {42191809},
pmcid = {PMC13439368}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Choi, Minho
AU - Bae, Jang-Han
AU - Kim, Kahye
AU - Choi, Kyu Yeong
AU - Kang, Sarang
AU - Lee, Kun Ho
AU - Kim, Jaeuk U.
TI - EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/26
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 24102
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "EEG-based biomarker for the identification of mild cognitive impairment via coherency analysis and iterative dynamic time warping",
"container-title": "Scientific reports",
"author": [
{
"family": "Choi",
"given": "Minho"
},
{
"family": "Bae",
"given": "Jang-Han"
},
{
"family": "Kim",
"given": "Kahye"
},
{
"family": "Choi",
"given": "Kyu Yeong"
},
{
"family": "Kang",
"given": "Sarang"
},
{
"family": "Lee",
"given": "Kun Ho"
},
{
"family": "Kim",
"given": "Jaeuk U."
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Rep",
"volume": "16",
"issue": "1",
"page": "24102",
"DOI": "10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7",
"PMID": "42191809",
"PMCID": "PMC13439368",
"ISSN": "2045-2322",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54552-7",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
5,
26
]
]
}
}

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