Method for AFM investigation of lateral forces required for the surface detachment of neurites.

Overview

1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
2. Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, 30625 Hannover, Germany
3. Hannover Medical School, Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, 30625 Hannover, Germany

Abstract

Resprouting of neurites to establish direct connections between stimulation electrodes and spiral ganglion neurons is of considerable interest in current cochlear implant research. The adhesion strength of neurites to implant surfaces is a critical factor determining whether such connections develop, remain stable or are disrupted shortly after formation. In this study, an in vitro protocol was established to quantify the lateral forces required to detach neurites from the surface of precoated substrates using atomic force microscopy. Spiral ganglion neurons were isolated from mixed primary cell cultures using cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside hydrochloride as a mitotic inhibitor. After several days of cultivation, the neurites were mechanically hooked with the cantilever tip and laterally dragged across the substrate surface to measure the forces required for detachment. Four different parameters and their influence on the detachment process were evaluated: exposure time to measurement conditions, the distance between growth cone and cantilever, the distance between cantilever and soma, and the total length of the neurite. The mean lateral detachment force was 2.47 ± 0.19 nN, and no significant correlation was observed between the lateral forces and any of the four investigated parameters. Overall, this study provides quantitative information on neurite-surface adhesion behaviour and strength in vitro.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-60250-1.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• figshare:31746757, at figshare; found in “Data availability”

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the figshare.com repository, 10.6084/m9.figshare.31746757.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

• Funding: added Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: 507870341

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 2 authors, 10 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 42 references.

Cite

This paper

Braemer, V., & Paasche, G. (2026). Method for AFM investigation of lateral forces required for the surface detachment of neurites. Scientific reports, 16(1), 20999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-60250-1

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