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Detection of early-stage Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors at multiple body locations and convolutional neural networks.

Code ↔ Paper

7 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 7 matches
  1. [1] § Methods › CNN model training ↔ LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py, lines 1425–1474 · score 0.80 · SqueezeNet, DenseNet, ResNet, TS images, CNN models, training
  2. [2] § Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ Machine Learning_Lasso/LASSO_Logistic_BinaryClassification.py, lines 395–455 · score 0.72 · LASSO logistic, LASSO selected feature, F1 score, zero, coefficients, ROC
  3. [3] § Methods › CNN model training ↔ Machine Learning_Lasso/LASSO_Logistic_BinaryClassification.py, lines 203–224 · score 0.69 · confusion matrix, binary classification, F1 score, recall, precision, metrics
  4. [4] § Results › CNN classification performance across gait phases ↔ LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py, lines 1425–1474 · score 0.69 · SqueezeNet, DenseNet, ResNet, TS images, CNN, model
  5. [5] § Methods › CNN model training ↔ LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py, lines 713–768 · score 0.67 · confusion matrix, binary classification, recall, sensitivity, precision, metrics
  6. [6] § Methods › Data generation ↔ LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py, lines 436–536 · score 0.63 · minority class, randomly oversampled, training fold, segment, PD
  7. [7] § Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py, lines 436–536 · score 0.54 · minority class, random oversampling, sensitivity, training, fold

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Python · 1,722 lines · 62 KB · no license · 5 matches

The registry keeps no copy of this file: its repository has no license, so its authors keep all their rights to it. Your browser shows it from its source, with JavaScript.

It can be read at the source: LOSO_Bootstrap CI_Sensitivity Analysis/Main_v4_Train_TSImgs_v3.py.

Overview

Authors: Hyejin Choi1,2, Changhong Youm1,3, Hwayoung Park1, Bohyun Kim1, Juseon Hwang1,3, Sang-Myung Cheon4
  1. Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University,37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
  2. DAU G-LAMP Project Group, Innovation Center for Atomic Science Dong-A University,37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
  3. Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University,37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
  4. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Dong-A University,32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
Institutions: Dong-A University (South Korea)
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 26521
Dates: received 19 February 2026; accepted 7 July 2026; published online 10 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2 · PMID 42432239 · PMCID PMC13503714 · OpenAlex W7167918293
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: other (modality), human (organism), Parkinson's (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Connectivity, Statistics, Machine learning, Complexity
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Gait, Wearable sensors, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Neurodegeneration, Biomarkers, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Engineering, Health care, Neurology, Neuroscience
MeSH: Parkinson Disease*, Wearable Electronic Devices*, Aged, Convolutional Neural Networks, Early Diagnosis, Female, Gait, Humans, Machine Learning, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Networks, Computer, Walking (* major topic)
Topic: Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention (Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Health Professions), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A2C100933711); Basic Science Research Program through the NRF (2022R1A6A3A0108756411); Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the NRF (2024S1A5B5A16021673)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 73 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 7 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

Zenodo 20839352

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 1 file
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Code availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (3 files), NumPy (3 files), pandas (2 files), PyTorch (2 files), scikit-learn (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
5 files
At the source:

hyejin-choi1/early-pd-wearable-sensor-cnn

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 123c6a541999a115cf5c2c275df38dbca3f1f75f, 25 June 2026
Languages: Python (4)
Size: 11 files, 4 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the Zenodo archive record
Holds: README, environment (Deep Learning_CNN/requirements_conda.txt)
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (3 files), NumPy (3 files), pandas (2 files), PyTorch (2 files), scikit-learn (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
5 files, not copied: shown from their source

OSCR keeps no copy of these files: this repository has no license that allows it. The reader above shows each one from its source, fetched by your browser at commit 123c6a5, when its fingerprint is the one OSCR verified. How this works.

Code availability statement

The paper has a code availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it points to the authors' code: Zenodo 20839352

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 8 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 7 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability statement

The paper has a data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it says that the data are available on request

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 6 authors, 12 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 66 references.

Cite

This paper

Choi, H., Youm, C., Park, H., Kim, B., Hwang, J., & Cheon, S.-M. (2026). Detection of early-stage Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors at multiple body locations and convolutional neural networks. Scientific reports, 16(1), 26521. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2

BibTeX

@article{choi2026detection,
author = {Choi, Hyejin and Youm, Changhong and Park, Hwayoung and Kim, Bohyun and Hwang, Juseon and Cheon, Sang-Myung},
title = {{Detection of early-stage Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors at multiple body locations and convolutional neural networks}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {26521},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2},
pmid = {42432239},
pmcid = {PMC13503714}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Choi, Hyejin
AU - Youm, Changhong
AU - Park, Hwayoung
AU - Kim, Bohyun
AU - Hwang, Juseon
AU - Cheon, Sang-Myung
TI - Detection of early-stage Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors at multiple body locations and convolutional neural networks
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/10
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 26521
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61801-2
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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]
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}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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