Multimodal quantitative MRI finds early brain changes in asymptomatic X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Paper
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The authors' code
Shell · 35 lines · 1.7 KB · CC0-1.0
- #!/bin/sh
- datadir="/media/sf_MRI-Data/Projects"
- project=${1}
- vnum=${2}
- hum_num=${3}
- datadir=${datadir}/${project}/${vnum}/${hum_num}
- bids=${vnum}_${hum_num}
- echo ${datadir}
- if [ -f ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tfl.nii.gz ];then
- echo "seg/tfl file found"
- fi
- if [ -f ${datadir}/seg/*${bids}-tse.nii.gz ];then
- echo "seg/tse file found"
- fi
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/bet ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tfl.nii.gz ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tfl_brain
- echo brain extraction done
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/flirt -dof 6 -searchcost mutualinfo -nosearch -in ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tfl_brain -ref ./etc/mni-derived/MNI2SW_T1_1mm_brain -out ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain -omat ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain.mat
- echo Registred to MNI
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/flirt -applyxfm -init ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain.mat -in ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tfl.nii.gz -ref ./etc/mni-derived/MNI2SW_T1_1mm_brain -out ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl
- echo Done TurboFLASH
- echo --------------------------------------------------------------
- echo "Co-registering TSE to TurboFlash"
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/bet ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tse ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tse_brain -f 0.4
- echo brain extraction done
- # do bet on TFL again on standard for better performance
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/bet ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/flirt -dof 6 -searchcost mutualinfo -nosearch -in ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tse_brain -ref ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain -out ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tse_brain -omat ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tse_brain.mat
- echo Registred to MNI
- ${FSLDIR}/bin/flirt -applyxfm -init ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tse_brain.mat -in ${datadir}/seg/${bids}-tse -ref ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tfl_brain -out ${datadir}/acpc/${bids}-tse
- echo Done TSE
1_seg_acpc.sh at commit 8fb4d31, under CC0-1.0 · at the source
Overview
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
- German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, MR Research in Neurosciences, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by defects in the ABCD1 gene, leading to the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system, adrenal glands, blood and other tissues. Male ALD patients may present with either the severe neurological phenotype of cerebral ALD, characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the white matter and rapid neurological deterioration, or milder forms, such as adrenomyeloneuropathy. We aimed to identify early brain changes in asymptomatic ALD patients prior to the clinical onset of cerebral ALD or adrenomyeloneuropathy by exploratory analysis of multimodal MRI data. Multimodal MRI data—including structural images, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging and MR spectroscopy—were obtained from asymptomatic ALD patients during regular follow-up MRIs. Longitudinal MRI data were analysed from 12 asymptomatic ALD patients aged 10–18 years who did not develop a cerebral ALD phenotype during our surveillance and from 12 healthy age-matched male controls. Volumetric analyses of brain structures were performed using structural MRI data, as well as region-of-interest measurements on diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging and MR spectroscopy data. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed-effects models. Volumetry indicated increased white matter volume in asymptomatic ALD patients. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed increased values of radial and mean diffusivity in the supratentorial white matter. Magnetization transfer saturation values derived from magnetization transfer imaging metrics were increased in the cortical and subcortical grey matter, but not in the white matter. MR spectroscopy showed increased inositol levels in the frontal white matter. Our diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy data indicate early white matter pathology in adolescent asymptomatic ALD patients. Among these findings, increased white matter volume and, in addition, elevated magnetization transfer saturation values in the grey matter are novel MRI phenotypes associated with asymptomatic ALD. These results suggest that not only white matter but also grey matter can be pathologically altered even before the onset of neurological phenotypes. Multimodal MRI parameters therefore constitute promising biomarkers for the assessment of pre-symptomatic brain tissue alterations in ALD and may be useful in future clinical studies targeting early therapeutic intervention.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.
helms-man/MTsat-processing-FSL
8fb4d31737272eb86ecb832b41ccba5257d0d5d3, 24 March 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
7 files
- 1_seg_acpc.sh, Shell, 35 lines
- 2_mt_acpc.sh, Shell, 138 lines
- 3_bias_acpc.sh, Shell, 237 lines
- runall.sh, Shell, 36 lines
- runall_batch.sh, Shell, 29 lines
- LICENSE, License, 121 lines
- README.md, Text, 24 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
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- no match between paragraphs and code yet;
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Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available to qualified investigators for non-commercial academic purposes by contacting the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available to protect the privacy of research participants. The code for processing the MTsat maps can be found at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 5 keywords, 10 funders, 67 references.
Cite
This paper
Meier, K., Sahoo, P., Marten, L. M., Gkalimani, I., Helms, G., Dechent, P., Rosewich, H., Dreha-Kulaczewski, S., & Gärtner, J. (2026). Multimodal quantitative MRI finds early brain changes in asymptomatic X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain communications, 8(5), fcag311. https://
BibTeX
@article{meier2026multim
author = {Meier, Kolja and Sahoo, Prativa and Marten, Lara Maleen and Gkalimani, Irini and Helms, Gunther and Dechent, Peter and Rosewich, Hendrik and Dreha-Kulaczewski, Steffi and Gärtner, Jutta},
title = {{Multimodal quantitative MRI finds early brain changes in asymptomatic X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy}},
journal = {Brain communications},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {fcag311},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2632-1297},
doi = {10.1093/
url = {https://
pmid = {42712783},
pmcid = {PMC13550773}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Meier, Kolja
AU - Sahoo, Prativa
AU - Marten, Lara Maleen
AU - Gkalimani, Irini
AU - Helms, Gunther
AU - Dechent, Peter
AU - Rosewich, Hendrik
AU - Dreha-Kulaczewski, Steffi
AU - Gärtner, Jutta
TI - Multimodal quantitative MRI finds early brain changes in asymptomatic X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
T2 - Brain communications
J2 - Brain Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 8
IS - 5
SP - fcag311
SN - 2632-1297
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"type": "article-journal",
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"container-title": "Brain communications",
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{
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}
],
"container-title-short":
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"publisher": "Oxford University Press",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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29
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]
}
}
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