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Neural mechanisms of awareness of action.

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 456 lines · 20 KB · no license

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Overview

Authors: David S Jin1,2, Oumayma Agdali1,2, Taruna Yadav1, Sharif I Kronemer1,2, Sydney Kunkler1, Shweta Majumder1, Maya Khurana1, Marie McCusker1,2, Ivory Fu1, Emily J Siff1,2, Aya Khalaf1, Kate L Christison-Lagay1, Shanae L Aerts1,2, Qilong Xin1,2, Jing-Jing Li1, Sarah H McGill1,2, Michael J Crowley3, Hal Blumenfeld1,2,4,5
ORCID iDs: Oumayma Agdali, Taruna Yadav, Marie McCusker, Emily J Siff, Shanae L Aerts, Hal Blumenfeld
  1. Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
  2. Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
  3. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
  4. Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Institutions: Yale University (United States)
Journal: PNAS nexus, volume 5, issue 7, article pgag220
Dates: received 12 August 2025; accepted 11 May 2026; published online 2 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220 · PMID 42416922 · PMCID PMC13340929 · OpenAlex W4401691334
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Preprint: doi:10.1101/2024.08.15.608153
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Keywords: volition, consciousness, attention, perception, event-related potentials
Journal subjects: Biological, Health, and Medical Sciences, Neuroscience
Topic: Action Observation and Synchronization (Social Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NIH (R01 NS134655); Mark Loughridge; Michele Williams Foundation; Betsy; Jonathan Blattmachr Family
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 109 references in the paper

Abstract

Awareness of action (AoA), or conscious awareness of an action just performed, is an important part of daily experience with major practical and ethical relevance, yet the neural mechanisms of AoA remain largely unknown. The main barrier to studying AoA is a lack of experimental paradigms to directly compare neural activity in aware versus unaware actions. Borrowing from the field of perceptual awareness, where exciting progress has been made by contrastive analysis of aware versus unaware stimuli, we developed a game where participants repeatedly perform nearly identical moves while engaged in a distractor task, and the participants then report awareness or unawareness of the moves they just performed. We found that on short timescales, aware actions had larger neurophysiological signals both preceding and following movement. The differences included both volitional and perceptual event-related potentials (premovement positivity, N140, and P300), as well as frontal midline theta, event-related alpha/beta desynchronization, and postmove blink rates. On longer time scales, we identified a novel positive event-related potential only preceding unaware moves and found behavioral and pupillometric evidence for decreased attention and arousal over minutes concurrent with AoA loss. Our findings reveal three neural mechanisms that may synergistically contribute to AoA: (i) long-term increases in arousal/attentional state at time of action; (ii) increased action-related motor volitional signals; and (iii) increased action-related sensory perceptual signals. Deeper understanding of AoA may ultimately elucidate the causes of variable AoA in daily life and lead to better treatments for impaired AoA in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

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BlumenfeldLab/Jin-et-al_2026

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 8a9aa7a594d1ff89398980f183f74bcdbea26b73, 4 June 2026
Languages: MATLAB (82)
Size: 89 files, 82 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (24 files), Signal Processing Toolbox (15 files), EEGLAB (12 files), Image Processing Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
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At the source: github.com/BlumenfeldLab/Jin-et-al_2026/

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 82 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

All anonymized data created for the study are available in the Yale Dataverse: https://dataverse.yale.edu/dataverse/aoa/. All code used in this project are in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/BlumenfeldLab/Jin-et-al_2026/.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 18 authors, 5 keywords, 5 funders, 102 references.

Cite

This paper

Jin, D. S., Agdali, O., Yadav, T., Kronemer, S. I., Kunkler, S., Majumder, S., Khurana, M., McCusker, M., Fu, I., Siff, E. J., Khalaf, A., Christison-Lagay, K. L., Aerts, S. L., Xin, Q., Li, J.-J., McGill, S. H., Crowley, M. J., & Blumenfeld, H. (2026). Neural mechanisms of awareness of action. PNAS nexus, 5(7), pgag220. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220

BibTeX

@article{jin2026neural,
author = {Jin, David S and Agdali, Oumayma and Yadav, Taruna and Kronemer, Sharif I and Kunkler, Sydney and Majumder, Shweta and Khurana, Maya and McCusker, Marie and Fu, Ivory and Siff, Emily J and Khalaf, Aya and Christison-Lagay, Kate L and Aerts, Shanae L and Xin, Qilong and Li, Jing-Jing and McGill, Sarah H and Crowley, Michael J and Blumenfeld, Hal},
title = {{Neural mechanisms of awareness of action}},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {5},
number = {7},
pages = {pgag220},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2752-6542},
doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220},
pmid = {42416922},
pmcid = {PMC13340929}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Jin, David S
AU - Agdali, Oumayma
AU - Yadav, Taruna
AU - Kronemer, Sharif I
AU - Kunkler, Sydney
AU - Majumder, Shweta
AU - Khurana, Maya
AU - McCusker, Marie
AU - Fu, Ivory
AU - Siff, Emily J
AU - Khalaf, Aya
AU - Christison-Lagay, Kate L
AU - Aerts, Shanae L
AU - Xin, Qilong
AU - Li, Jing-Jing
AU - McGill, Sarah H
AU - Crowley, Michael J
AU - Blumenfeld, Hal
TI - Neural mechanisms of awareness of action
T2 - PNAS nexus
J2 - PNAS Nexus
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/02
VL - 5
IS - 7
SP - pgag220
SN - 2752-6542
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag220
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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