Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children.
Overview
14 affiliations
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Psychiatry Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences University of Turku Turku Finland
- Neurocenter Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Radiology Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi Turku Finland
- Department of Chemistry University of Turku Turku Finland
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro University Örebro Sweden
- School of Science and Technology Örebro University Örebro Sweden
- Department of Child Psychiatry Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Public Health University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a critical factor influencing neurodevelopment in offspring. While this is increasingly well‐studied in the context of maternal immune activation (MIA), the relationship between postnatal immune activation and brain development in childhood is far less studied. In the current study, we performed targeted immune proteomics to analyse 356 inflammation‐associated proteins and examine whether peripheral immune physiology is associated with multimodal neuroimaging metrics, brain growth centiles, and cortical microstructure, in 5‐year‐old children. We included 101 typically developing children with immune proteomics and multimodal neuroimaging data covering structural and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was modelled with FSL's linked independent component analysis (FLICA) to yield 10 multimodal brain components. For a subset of the analyses utilising immune proteomics and structural brain growth centile data, the sample size was 126 children. We observed consistent negative associations between serum immune proteins and both grey matter volume growth and global cortical thickness; for the latter, associations were statistically significant after false discovery rate correction for CXCL10, IL17A, and LILRB4. Similarly, many immune proteins were associated with increased mean diffusivity across the cortex, most notably LAMP3, NCR1, SIGLEC1, FASLG, and CXCL10 in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex. Collectively, these findings provide the first characterisation of the relationship between immune physiology and brain structure in children, and demonstrate notable associations with global cerebrocortical development. This should be extended by future studies with larger samples and multiple sampling.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data availability statement
The current Finnish legislation and our Ethical Board approval do not permit the open data sharing of the imaging data or derived measures. Investigators interested in getting access to the data are encouraged to contact FinnBrain's Principal Investigators (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, pages, dates, 16 authors, 6 keywords, 10 funders, 45 references.
Cite
This paper
Barron, A., Rosberg, A., Tuulari, J. J., Lukkarinen, M., Merisaari, H., Silver, E., Kumpulainen, V., Copeland, A., Saukko, E., Dickens, A. M., Oresic, M., Hyötylainen, T., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Wigley, I. L. C. M., & Pulli, E. P. (2026). Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children. Journal of anatomy, 10.1111/
BibTeX
@article{barron2026immun
author = {Barron, Aaron and Rosberg, Aylin and Tuulari, Jetro J. and Lukkarinen, Minna and Merisaari, Harri and Silver, Eero and Kumpulainen, Venla and Copeland, Anni and Saukko, Ekaterina and Dickens, Alex M. and Oresic, Matej and Hyötylainen, Tuulia and Karlsson, Linnea and Karlsson, Hasse and Wigley, Isabella L. C. Mariani and Pulli, Elmo P.},
title = {{Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children}},
journal = {Journal of anatomy},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
pages = {10.1111/
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0021-8782},
doi = {10.1111/
url = {https://
pmid = {42723204},
pmcid = {PMC13562773}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Barron, Aaron
AU - Rosberg, Aylin
AU - Tuulari, Jetro J.
AU - Lukkarinen, Minna
AU - Merisaari, Harri
AU - Silver, Eero
AU - Kumpulainen, Venla
AU - Copeland, Anni
AU - Saukko, Ekaterina
AU - Dickens, Alex M.
AU - Oresic, Matej
AU - Hyötylainen, Tuulia
AU - Karlsson, Linnea
AU - Karlsson, Hasse
AU - Wigley, Isabella L. C. Mariani
AU - Pulli, Elmo P.
TI - Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children
T2 - Journal of anatomy
J2 - J Anat
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
SP - 10.1111/
SN - 0021-8782
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1111/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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