Inducing and monitoring photothrombotic stroke in anesthetic neuroprotection-free mice using functional photoacoustic microscopy.
Overview
- South China University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou, China
Abstract
Significance: Preclinical ischemic stroke models frequently rely on inhalational anesthetics, which can alter cerebrovascular dynamics and confound ischemic outcomes. The specific impact of anesthesia at the microvascular level remains poorly defined, limiting the translational relevance of preclinical findings.
Aim: We aim to utilize an optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system for targeted photothrombosis (PT) induction and functional imaging and compare ischemic responses between awake and anesthetized mice to avoid anesthesia-induced confounding effects.
Approach: We employed an OR-PAM system integrated with vascular stimulation capabilities, enabling PT induction in specific vessels and functional imaging of cortical brain regions. By combining with a head-restrained apparatus and photochemical thrombosis, we compared oxygen saturation (sO2), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and vascular morphology [arteriovenous diameter, total vessel length (TVL), branch index (BI), vessel area density (VAD)] between awake and anesthetized mice. Behavioral tests and pathological examination were conducted to validate cerebrovascular outcomes.
Results: Before PT, awake mice exhibited narrower arteriovenous diameter and higher OEF compared with anesthetized mice induced by anesthesia. Following PT, awake mice displayed more severe acute sO2 reduction, greater chronic vascular structure degeneration, and more delayed recovery among TVL, BI, and VAD, compared with anesthetized mice. These cerebrovascular outcomes of photothrombotic stroke in anesthetic neuroprotection-free awake mice were further validated by behavioral tests and pathological examination.
Conclusions: Our findings address the critical gap of microvascular-level analysis in anesthesia-confounded stroke models. The proposed approach provides a reliable and reproducible tool for the precise induction of cerebral ischemia and dynamic monitoring of vascular changes.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 5 keywords, 4 funders, 53 references.
Cite
This paper
Li, C., Chen, K., Cai, H., Hong, X., & Chen, J. (2026). Inducing and monitoring photothrombotic stroke in anesthetic neuroprotection-free mice using functional photoacoustic microscopy. Neurophotonics, 13(2), 025007. https://
BibTeX
@article{li2026inducing,
author = {Li, Congsen and Chen, Kexin and Cai, HaiPing and Hong, Xiaobin and Chen, Jiangbo},
title = {{Inducing and monitoring photothrombotic stroke in anesthetic neuroprotection-free mice using functional photoacoustic microscopy}},
journal = {Neurophotonics},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {025007},
publisher = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers},
issn = {2329-423X},
doi = {10.1117/
url = {https://
pmid = {41994000},
pmcid = {PMC13082355}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Congsen
AU - Chen, Kexin
AU - Cai, HaiPing
AU - Hong, Xiaobin
AU - Chen, Jiangbo
TI - Inducing and monitoring photothrombotic stroke in anesthetic neuroprotection-free mice using functional photoacoustic microscopy
T2 - Neurophotonics
J2 - Neurophotonics
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 025007
SN - 2329-423X
PB - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
DO - 10.1117/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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