Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains.
The 23 matches · 8 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file without given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_QC_celltype_gene_DEA.Rmd, lines 203 to 252 · score 0.89 · maxGSSize, minGSSize, pAdjustMethod, pvalueCutoff, gseGO, BH · Report a mismatch
- [2] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb, lines 171 to 179 · score 0.87 · X_pca_harmony, init_pos, harmony integrate, external, UMAP, PAGA · Report a mismatch
- [3] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb, lines 134 to 148 · score 0.86 · svd_solver, n_neighbors, n_pcs, arpack, flavor, igraph · Report a mismatch
- [4] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › ChOP mass spectrometry › ChOP-MS analysis ↔ LINC00662_chopMS/processing/src/R/02_LINC00662_chopMS_QC_norm_annot.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.80 · Human Protein Atlas, subcellular location, subtracted, background, lacZ, MS · Report a mismatch
- [5] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb, lines 54 to 68 · score 0.75 · percent_top, qc metrics, log1p, Scrublet, Scanpy, gene · Report a mismatch
- [6] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Identification of full-length PTERV1s and genomic location analysis ↔ PTERV1_genes/src/lift_PTERV1_overlapping_genes_to_hg38.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.75 · UCSC LiftOver, pantro6, lifted, wa, BEDTools, RefSeq · Report a mismatch
- [7] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Long-read direct RNA-seq › Long-read direct RNA analysis ↔ ONT_fetal/preprocessing/ONT_fetal_MN09_w9d0_ontRNA_human_basecall.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.73 · rna004_130bps_sup, minimap2, v3, CUDA, splice, dorado · Report a mismatch
- [8] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Long-read direct RNA-seq › Long-read direct RNA analysis ↔ ONT_fetal/preprocessing/ONT_fetal_MN09_w9d4_ontRNA_human_basecall.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.73 · rna004_130bps_sup, minimap2, v3, CUDA, splice, dorado · Report a mismatch
- [9] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Identification of full-length PTERV1s and genomic location analysis ↔ PTERV1_genes/src/lift_PTERV1_overlapping_genes_to_hg38.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.69 · lifted coordinates, GENCODE v38, wo, BEDTools, intersected, hg38 · Report a mismatch
- [10] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Long-read DNA sequencing › Long-read DNA analysis ↔ ONT_invitro/processing/methylartist_composite_retrotector.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.67 · excl_ambig, panTro6, reference genome, segmeth, methylation, BAM · Report a mismatch
- [11] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › ChOP mass spectrometry › ChOP-MS analysis ↔ LINC00662_chopMS/processing/Main.Rmd, lines 101 to 131 · score 0.66 · StringDb, v11.5, background, MS, ChOP, proteins · Report a mismatch
- [12] § RESULTS › The expression of LINC00662 in chimpanzee is silenced by a PTERV1 insertion ↔ bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/processing/bulkRNA_org_human_chimp_gene_DEA.Rmd, lines 6 to 90 · score 0.65 · log2FC, log2FoldChange, bulk RNA, iPSC, Padj, DEA · Report a mismatch
- [13] § RESULTS › LINC00662 is a trans-acting lncRNA expressed during human brain development ↔ LINC00662_chopMS/processing/Main.Rmd, lines 101 to 131 · score 0.62 · StringDb, v11.5, ChOP MS, GO, proteins, LINC00662 · Report a mismatch
- [14] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_QC_celltype_gene_DEA.Rmd, lines 124 to 201 · score 0.60 · lfcShrink, DESeq2, Pseudobulks, Raw, matrices, summed · Report a mismatch
- [15] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb, lines 54 to 68 · score 0.60 · filter_genes, min_cells, Scanpy, LINC00662 · Report a mismatch
- [16] § RESULTS › LINC00662 is a trans-acting lncRNA expressed during human brain development ↔ LINC00662_chopMS/processing/src/R/02_LINC00662_chopMS_QC_norm_annot.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.60 · ChOP MS, lncRNA, lacZ, binding, cytoplasm, brain · Report a mismatch
- [17] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Long-read DNA sequencing › Long-read DNA analysis ↔ ONT_invitro/preprocessing/ONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1_ontDNA_iPSC_JoC_chimp_basecall.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.59 · dna_r10.4.1_e8.2_400bps_sup, reference genome, v4, POD5, Dorado, basecalled · Report a mismatch
- [18] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ human_chimp_org/processing/human_chimp_org_QC_celltype.Rmd, lines 76 to 123 · score 0.56 · qc metrics, genes detected, Nuclei, human · Report a mismatch
- [19] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human and chimpanzee organoids ↔ human_chimp_org/processing/human_chimp_org_QC_celltype.Rmd, lines 237 to 247 · score 0.56 · Cell cycle scores, CellCycleScoring, genes, human · Report a mismatch
- [20] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Unguided neural organoid culture ↔ human_chimp_org/preprocessing/human_chimp_org_preprocessing.py, lines 1 to 35 · score 0.56 · Organoid kit, bulk RNA, Cerebral, seq, Human · Report a mismatch
- [21] § RESULTS › The expression of LINC00662 in chimpanzee is silenced by a PTERV1 insertion ↔ bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/processing/bulkRNA_org_human_chimp_gene_DEA.Rmd, lines 6 to 90 · score 0.56 · log2FoldChange, bulk RNA, DESeq2, Padj, species, sequencing · Report a mismatch
- [22] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Identification of full-length PTERV1s and genomic location analysis ↔ human_chimp_org/preprocessing/human_chimp_org_preprocessing.py, lines 1 to 35 · score 0.54 · GENCODE v38, Bulk RNA, hg38, seq, organoids, human · Report a mismatch
- [23] § MATERIALS AND METHODS › Single-nucleus RNA-seq › snRNA-seq analysis of human LINC00662-CRISPRi organoids ↔ LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/processing/LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb, lines 239 to 244 · score 0.52 · score genes cell, Cell cycle, Scanpy, tl, LINC00662 · Report a mismatch
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The authors' code
Jupyter notebook · 281 lines · 13 KB · no license · 5 matches
- # %%
- import scanpy as sc
- import pandas as pd
- import statistics
- import sys
- import getopt
- import os
- import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
- import anndata as ad
- import time
- from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
- import seaborn as sns
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- import statistics
- # %%
- sc.settings.figdir = "../results/figures/"
- print(ad.__version__)
- print(sc.__version__)
- # %%
- filenames = "input.txt"
- files = open(filenames, "r")
- files = [i.strip() for i in files]
- print(len(files))
- files
- # %%
- samplesheet = pd.read_table("samplesheet_QC_mn06_pterv_round2.txt")
- samplesheet = samplesheet.reset_index()
- samplesheet = samplesheet.set_index("sample_id")
- samplesheet
- # %%
- adatas = []
- i = 0
- for file in files:
- sample_name = file.split("/")[8]
- adata = sc.read_10x_mtx(file, var_names = "gene_symbols", cache = True)
- adata.obs["sample_name"] = sample_name
- adata.obs["condition"] = samplesheet.loc[sample_name]["condition"]
- adata.obs["day"] = samplesheet.loc[sample_name]["day"]
- adata.obs["rep"] = samplesheet.loc[sample_name]["rep"]
- adata.obs["batch"] = samplesheet.loc[sample_name]["batch"]
- adatas.append(adata)
- i = i+1
- print(str(i) + "/21")
- # %%
- # Number of cells
- sum([len(adata) for adata in adatas])
- # %%
- i = 0
- adatas_raw = adatas
- #adatas = adatas_raw
- for adata in adatas:
- adata.var_names_make_unique()
- sc.pp.filter_genes(adata, min_cells = 3)
- adata.var["mt"] = adata.var_names.str.startswith("MT-")
- adata.var["ribo"] = adata.var_names.str.startswith("RPS", "RPL")
- sc.pp.calculate_qc_metrics(adata, qc_vars = ["mt", "ribo"], percent_top = None, log1p = False, inplace = True)
- mean_counts = statistics.mean(adata.obs.n_genes_by_counts)
- sd_counts = statistics.stdev(adata.obs.n_genes_by_counts)
- sc.pp.scrublet(adata)
- i = i + 1
- print(str(i) + "/21 " + adata.obs.sample_name.unique().item() + " : " + str(len(adata)))
- # %%
- adata = ad.concat(adatas, keys = [adata.obs.sample_name[1] for adata in adatas], label = "sample_name", join="outer")
- adata.layers["counts"] = adata.X
- adata.obs_names_make_unique()
- # %%
- df = sc.get.obs_df(adata, ['sample_name','condition','day','rep','batch','n_genes_by_counts', "total_counts", "pct_counts_mt"])
- df["sample_name"] = df.sample_name.astype(str)
- df.to_csv('../results/tables/preQC_cellMeta.csv')
- df
- # %%
- import statistics
- with open("../results/tables/MN06_LINC00662_QC.txt","a") as fout:
- for i in range(0,len(adatas)):
- fout.write(str(i) + "/21 " + adatas[i].obs.sample_name.unique().item() + " pre QC: " + str(len(adatas[i].obs_names)) + "\n")
- fout.write(adatas[i].obs.sample_name.unique().item() + " pre QC: " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- sc.pp.filter_cells(adatas[i], min_genes = 500, inplace = True)
- fout.write("Discading cells with less than 500 genes\n")
- fout.write(adatas[i].obs.sample_name.unique().item() + " with > 500 genes: " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- mean_counts = statistics.mean(adatas[i].obs.total_counts)
- sd_counts = statistics.stdev(adatas[i].obs.total_counts)
- discarded = ((adatas[i].obs.total_counts < (mean_counts - (sd_counts * 2))) | (adatas[i].obs.total_counts > (mean_counts + (sd_counts * 2))))
- keep_cells = [cell for cell in (adatas[i].obs_names.to_list()) if cell not in discarded[discarded].index.to_list()]
- adatas[i] = adatas[i][keep_cells, :]
- fout.write("Discarding cells with < mean-2sd counts and > mean+2sd counts. Total: " + str(len(discarded[discarded].index.to_list())) + ". Kept: " + str(len(keep_cells)) + " or " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- discarded = (adatas[i].obs.pct_counts_mt > 2)
- keep_cells = [cell for cell in (adatas[i].obs_names.to_list()) if cell not in discarded[discarded].index.to_list()]
- adatas[i] = adatas[i][keep_cells, :]
- fout.write("Discarding cells with >2 mt_counts: " + str(len(discarded[discarded].index.to_list())) + ". Kept: " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- discarded = (adatas[i].obs.predicted_doublet == True)
- keep_cells = [cell for cell in (adatas[i].obs_names.to_list()) if cell not in discarded[discarded].index.to_list()]
- adatas[i] = adatas[i][keep_cells, :]
- fout.write("Discarding doublets: " + str(len(discarded[discarded].index.to_list())) + ". Kept: " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- fout.write(adatas[i].obs.sample_name.unique().item() + " post QC: " + str(len(adatas[i])) + "\n")
- # %%
- print(len(adatas))
- adatas = [a for a in adatas if len(a) > 50]
- print(len(adatas))
- # %%
- adata = ad.concat(adatas, keys = [adata.obs.sample_name[1] for adata in adatas], label = "sample_name", join="outer")
- adata.layers["counts"] = adata.X
- adata.obs_names_make_unique()
- # %%
- from pathlib import Path
- from scipy import io
- adata.layers["raw_counts"] = adata.X
- adata.write_h5ad("./h5s/MN06_org_adata_preumap.h5")
- #io.mmwrite('./data_scanpy/counts_unscaled.mtx',adata.layers['counts'])
- # %%
- adata = ad.read_h5ad("./h5s/MN06_org_adata_preumap.h5")
- # %%
- sc.pp.normalize_total(adata, target_sum = 1e6)
- sc.pp.log1p(adata)
- adata.layers["normalized"] = adata.X
- sc.pp.highly_variable_genes(adata, n_top_genes=3000)
- # %%
- adata.obs.batch = adata.obs.batch.astype('category')
- adata.obs["batch_num"] = adata.obs.batch.cat.codes
- adata.obs.rep = adata.obs.rep.astype('category')
- adata.obs["rep_num"] = adata.obs.rep.cat.codes
- sc.pp.scale(adata, max_value = 10)
- adata.layers["scaled"] = adata.X
- sc.tl.pca(adata, svd_solver = "arpack")
- sc.pp.neighbors(adata, n_neighbors = 15, n_pcs = 20)
- sc.tl.leiden(adata, resolution = 0.1, random_state = 0, n_iterations = -1, directed = False, flavor = "igraph")
- sc.tl.paga(adata)
- sc.pl.paga(adata, plot = False)
- sc.tl.umap(adata, init_pos = "paga")
- # %%
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = "leiden", save = "_nointegration_clusters.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'pct_counts_mt', save = "_nointegration_mt.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'condition', save = "_nointegration_condition.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'day', save = "_nointegration_day.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'rep', save = "_nointegration_rep.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'batch', save = "_nointegration_batch.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'total_counts', save = "_nointegration_counts.pdf")
- # %%
- with open("MN06_org_samples_mean_count_genes.tab", "w") as fout:
- for sample in adata.obs.sample_name.unique():
- fout.write(sample + "\t" + str(samplesheet.loc[sample]["condition"]) + "\t" + str(len(adata[adata.obs.sample_name.isin([str(sample)])].obs_names.unique())) + "\t" + str(adata[adata.obs.sample_name.isin([str(sample)])].obs.n_genes_by_counts.mean()) + "\t" + str(adata[adata.obs.sample_name.isin([str(sample)])].obs.total_counts.mean()) + "\n")
- # %%
- #adata = ad.read_h5ad("./h5s/MN06_org_adata_umap_integration.h5")
- adata.write_h5ad("./h5s/MN06_org_adata_umap_nointegration.h5")
- # %%
- samplesheet
- # %%
- sc.external.pp.harmony_integrate(adata = adata, key = ["batch"])
- sc.pp.neighbors(adata, n_neighbors = 15, n_pcs = 20, use_rep = 'X_pca_harmony')
- sc.tl.leiden(adata, resolution = 0.1, random_state = 0, n_iterations = -1, directed = False, flavor = "igraph")
- sc.tl.paga(adata)
- sc.pl.paga(adata, plot = False)
- sc.tl.umap(adata, init_pos = "paga")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'leiden')
- # %%
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'leiden', save = "_integration_batch_clusters.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = "leiden", save = "_integration_clusters.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'pct_counts_mt', save = "_integration_mt.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'condition', save = "_integration_condition.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'day', save = "_integration_day.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'rep', save = "_integration_rep.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'batch', save = "_integration_batch.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata, color = 'total_counts', save = "_integration_counts.pdf")
- # %%
- sc.pl.pca_variance_ratio(adata, log=True)
- adata.write_h5ad("h5s/MN06_adata_umap_integration.h5")
- # %%
- df = sc.get.obs_df(adata, ['leiden', 'sample_name','condition','day','rep','batch','LINC00662','n_genes_by_counts', "total_counts", "pct_counts_mt"])
- df.to_csv('../results/tables/MN06_QC.csv')
- cell_meta=adata.obs.copy()
- cell_meta['Barcode'] = cell_meta.index
- cell_meta['UMAP1'] = adata.obsm['X_umap'][:,0]
- cell_meta['UMAP2'] = adata.obsm['X_umap'][:,1]
- gene_meta=adata.var.copy()
- gene_meta['GeneName']=gene_meta.index
- cell_meta.to_csv('../results/tables/counts_cellMeta_integrated_umap.csv',index=None)
- gene_meta.to_csv('../results/tables/counts_geneMeta_integrated_umap.csv',index=None)
- # %%
- #adata = ad.read_h5ad("h5s/MN06_adata_umap_integration.h5")
- with open("input_postQC.txt", "a") as fout:
- fout.write('\n'.join(adata.obs.sample_name.unique()) + "\n")
- len(adata.obs.sample_name.unique())
- # %%
- adata = ad.read_h5ad("h5s/MN06_adata_umap_integration.h5")
- # %%
- markers = ["TJP1", "CUX2", "PAX6", "GLI3", "SOX2", "RBFOX3", "NCAM1", "DCX", "MKI67"]
- sc.pl.dotplot(adata, markers, 'leiden', save="_markers.pdf")
- #dp.add_totals().style(dot_edge_color='black', dot_edge_lw=0.5).show()
- # %%
- adata_dict_leiden_dea = {}
- sc.tl.rank_genes_groups(adata, groupby = 'leiden', method="wilcoxon", key_added = "wilcoxon")
- for i in adata.obs["leiden"].astype(str).unique():
- adata_dict_leiden_dea[i] = sc.get.rank_genes_groups_df(adata, group = i, key="wilcoxon")
- adata_dict_leiden_dea[i].index = adata_dict_leiden_dea[i].names
- print(i)
- sc.pl.rank_genes_groups(adata, n_genes=25, sharey=False, key="wilcoxon", save = "_markers.pdf")
- # %%
- adata
- # %%
- cell_cycle_genes = [x.strip() for x in open('./cellcycle.txt')]
- s_genes = cell_cycle_genes[:43]
- g2m_genes = cell_cycle_genes[43:]
- cell_cycle_genes = [x for x in cell_cycle_genes if x in adata.var_names]
- sc.tl.score_genes_cell_cycle(adata, s_genes=s_genes, g2m_genes=g2m_genes)
- # %%
- adata
- # %%
- sc.pl.dotplot(adata[adata.obs["day"] == 15], markers + ["S_score", "G2M_score"], 'leiden', vmin = -1, vmax=1.3, save="_day15_markers.pdf")
- sc.pl.dotplot(adata[adata.obs["day"] == 30], markers + ["S_score", "G2M_score"], 'leiden', vmin = -1, vmax=1.3, save="_day30_markers.pdf")
- # %%
- adata.obs["cellcycle_score"] = adata.obs["S_score"] + adata.obs["G2M_score"]
- # %%
- sc.pl.umap(adata[adata.obs["day"] == 15], color = ["cellcycle_score"], cmap = "coolwarm", vmax = 3, vmin = -0.5, save = "_cellcycle_day15.pdf")
- sc.pl.umap(adata[adata.obs["day"] == 30], color = ["cellcycle_score"], cmap = "coolwarm", vmax = 3, vmin = -0.5, save = "_cellcycle_day30.pdf")
- # %%
- df = sc.get.obs_df(adata, ['leiden', 'sample_name','condition','day','rep','batch', "EPHB2","VAV2","COL3A1","DAB2IP","BCR","CELSR1","SIPA1L3", "CDH4","CUX2","PRKCZ","ST8SIA2", "SHANK2","SLC9A1","SMAD7","KIRREL1", "TBCD","RAI1","SKI","CACNG4","CASTOR2", "TEAD2","KAZN","NXN","CMIP","SSBP3"])
- df.to_csv('../results/tables/MN06_upreg_genes_GSEA_core.csv')
- # %%
- adata
- # %%
- axon_genes = ["NIBAN2", "NOTCH1", "GLI2", "CDH4", "EPHB2", "PITPNA", "SEMA6B", "SEMA3F", "BCL2", "DNM2", "PTK7", "NECTIN1", "MARK2", "UNC5A", "NOTCH2", "NFASC", "SLIT1", "FGFR2", "PLEKHG4B", "TAOK2", "ARHGAP35", "RGMA", "ABL1", "NTN1", "SZT2", "STXBP1", "MEGF8", "TIAM1", "SEMA4D", "KIAA1755", "TRAK1", "UNC5B", "PLXNA2", "DSCAM", "APBB1", "SEMA4B", "NOVA2", "BAIAP2", "ECE1", "DISC1", "KALRN", "B4GALT5", "SMURF1", "VCL", "PTPRM", "RAB10", "IGF1R", "SPTBN4", "LIMK1", "FSTL4", "SMO", "MACF1", "APBB2", "MAP6", "DAG1", "EPHA10", "CYFIP2", "OPHN1", "TIAM2", "ADAM17", "SIN3A", "EXT1", "MAP2K1", "LHX2", "PSEN1", "SPG11", "SYNGAP1", "PARD3", "NUMBL", "TRIO", "SOS1", "PLXNA3", "NLGN3", "DPYSL5", "WDR47", "PTPN11", "AUTS2", "RAB21", "SEMA4A", "NCAM1", "BMPR2", "DIP2B", "FGF13", "PTK2", "VASP", "SIPA1L1", "GOLGA4", "SNAP25", "PAFAH1B1", "DSCAML1", "ADNP", "PTPRS", "TRIM46", "EPHB1", "SEMA6A", "PLXNC1", "DCLK1", "PRKCQ", "KLF7", "BCL11B", "CTNNA2", "SCN11A", "BRSK1", "SLIT3", "PLXNA4", "SEMA6D", "SEMA5A", "HDAC6", "KIF13B", "MAP1S", "ADARB1", "SEMA3D", "FLRT2", "PAK3", "NIN", "NUMB", "NTN4", "ATL1", "PAK1", "FYN", "USP9X", "LMX1A", "SPART", "TTL", "SPAST", "APLP2", "ARHGEF28", "RUFY3", "NTNG2", "DCC", "RPS6KA5", "ATP8A2", "CNTN6", "TBCE", "PALLD", "BMPR1B", "NTRK2", "RET", "NTNG1", "KIF5B", "ARHGAP4", "LRP4", "DRAXIN", "NEO1", "MAP3K13", "PLXNB1", "NEXN", "NOTCH3", "PICALM", "MAP1B", "PLXNA1", "FN1", "MCF2", "GLI3", "ERBB2", "CDKL5", "NELL2", "BRAF", "PTCH1", "NDEL1", "CNTNAP1", "CDH11", "WNT7B", "ADCY1", "RAB8A", "CNTN4", "TNR", "B4GALT6", "KIF5A", "STK25", "GBX1", "ROBO4", "USP33", "RTN4RL1", "FIGNL2", "NMNAT2", "VASH2", "PTPRF", "KREMEN1", "STK24", "LRIG2", "TBC1D24", "CTNNA1", "TSPAN2", "INPP5F", "CAMSAP2", "GRM7", "JAK2", "TRIM32", "BMP7", "TNC", "KIAA0319", "NRXN3", "EPHA3", "PTPRO", "ROBO1", "CHN1", "MAPK8IP3", "CNTN5", "LAMA2", "COBL", "NRXN1", "BOC", "LGI1", "DAB1", "GPM6B", "TNFRSF21", "NCAM2", "SEMA4G", "MATN2", "EDNRA", "UST", "ARHGEF40", "DRD2", "DHFR", "CNTN1", "UNC5D", "CHL1", "CFAP74", "ODAD4", "DNAAF1", "CCDC65", "ODAD1", "TTLL1", "CFAP46", "TTLL3", "DNAH1", "SPAG17", "CCDC40", "HYDIN", "NISCH", "RSPH9", "GAS8", "CFAP100", "DNAAF5", "CFAP44", "ARMC2", "STK36", "DRC1", "FSIP2", "CFAP58", "CLUAP1", "DNAH5", "TTC12", "LRGUK", "DNAI4", "ODAD2", "DNAI1", "DNAH7", "NEURL1", "CFAP91", "CFAP157", "SPEF2", "BBOF1", "DNAI2", "JHY", "CC2D2A", "DNAH2", "RSPH4A", "DNAI3", "CFAP73", "SPAG6", "DRC7", "DNAH17", "IQCG", "LRRC43", "DNAAF8", "TOGARAM1"]
- # %%
- adata
- # %%
- df = sc.get.obs_df(adata, ['leiden', 'sample_name','condition','day','rep','batch'] + axon_genes, layer="normalized")
- df.to_csv('../results/tables/MN06_axon_genes_GSEA_core.csv')
- # %%
LINC00662_CRISPRi_org_scanpy.ipynb at commit b2a557a, no license · at the source
Overview
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Institute for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Abstract
Over the past 5 to 7 million years, humans and chimpanzees have diverged in brain size, structure, and cognition despite high conservation of protein-coding genes. However, retroviral infections within host genomes have introduced numerous species-specific regulatory elements. Chimpanzees harbor lineage-specific PTERV1 endogenous retroviruses that are absent in humans, but their role in brain evolution has remained unclear. We performed an epigenomic analysis of PTERV1 insertions in chimpanzee neural organoids and found they are heavily DNA methylated, forming over 150 species-specific heterochromatin domains with the potential to influence gene regulation. We identified a chimpanzee-specific insertion on chromosome 19 that silences the long noncoding RNA LINC00662 through DNA methylation spreading. CRISPR-mediated deletion of this PTERV1 restored LINC00662 expression in chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that LINC00662, a human-specific transcript expressed during brain development, plays a role in neuronal maturation, axon outgrowth, and neural organoid development. These findings reveal a mechanism by which endogenous retroviral insertions contributed to human-chimpanzee brain divergence.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 23 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
PatricJernLab/RetroTector
38e353e558d37ea00f68be263351a88b18b954d9, 23 February 2024Availability: 1 check, the latest on 25 October 2026: the link answers
- 25 October 2026: the link answers
Molecular-Neurogenetics/LINC00662_PTERV_Gerdes2025
b2a557a9469e9b58b5d7fb9bb1e481c4d10ad7c3, 7 July 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 25 October 2026: the link answers
- 25 October 2026: the link answers
37 files
- LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
preprocessing/ , Python, 35 linesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_pr eprocessing.py - LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
processing/ , R, 754 lines, 2 matchesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_QC _celltype_gene_DEA.Rmd - LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
processing/ , Jupyter, 281 lines, 5 matchesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_sc anpy.ipynb - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 136 lines, 2 matchesMain.Rmd - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 27 linessrc/ R/ 01_setup.R - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 67 lines, 2 matchessrc/ R/ 02_LINC00662_chopMS_QC_n orm_annot.R - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 18 lines, 1 matchONT_fetal_MN09_w9d0_ontR NA_human_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 18 lines, 1 matchONT_fetal_MN09_w9d4_ontR NA_human_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 24 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 11_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_hum an_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 16 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 11_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_hum an_index.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 23 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 7_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_huma n_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 16 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 7_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_huma n_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 25 lines, 1 matchONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_JoC_chimp_b asecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_Pt5_chimp_b asecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_hiPS10_huma n_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_hiPS6_human _basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_JoC_chimp_d1 5_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 37 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_JoC_chimp_d1 5_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_Sandra_chimp _d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 35 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_Sandra_chimp _d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS10_human _d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 36 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS10_human _d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS6_human_ d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 36 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS6_human_ d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 28 lines, 1 matchmethylartist_composite_r etrotector.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 24 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_hg38_fetal.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 28 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_hg38_org_ips.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 25 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_pantro6_org_ips.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 27 linesmethylartist_segmeth_ret rotector_PTERV1.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 17 linesmethylartist_segplot_ret rotector.sh - PTERV1_genes/
src/ , R, 85 linesgenes_hosting_PTERV1.Rmd - PTERV1_genes/
src/ , Shell, 16 lines, 2 matcheslift_PTERV1_overlapping_ genes_to_hg38.sh - bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/
processing/ , R, 246 lines, 2 matchesbulkRNA_org_human_chimp_ gene_DEA.Rmd - bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/
processing/ , R, 103 linesgallego_etal_chimp_ipsc. Rmd - human_chimp_org/
preprocessing/ , Python, 44 lines, 2 matcheshuman_chimp_org_preproce ssing.py - human_chimp_org/
processing/ , R, 463 lines, 2 matcheshuman_chimp_org_QC_cellt ype.Rmd - README.md, Text, 46 lines
Zenodo 21493999
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 25 October 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 25 October 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
37 files
- LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
preprocessing/ , Python, 35 linesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_pr eprocessing.py - LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
processing/ , R, 754 linesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_QC _celltype_gene_DEA.Rmd - LINC00662_CRISPRi_org/
processing/ , Jupyter, 281 linesLINC00662_CRISPRi_org_sc anpy.ipynb - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 136 linesMain.Rmd - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 27 linessrc/ R/ 01_setup.R - LINC00662_chopMS/
processing/ , R, 67 linessrc/ R/ 02_LINC00662_chopMS_QC_n orm_annot.R - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 18 linesONT_fetal_MN09_w9d0_ontR NA_human_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 18 linesONT_fetal_MN09_w9d4_ontR NA_human_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 24 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 11_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_hum an_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 16 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 11_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_hum an_index.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 23 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 7_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_huma n_basecall.sh - ONT_fetal/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 16 linesONT_fetal_MN10_Control_w 7_Rep1_ontDNA_fetal_huma n_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 25 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_JoC_chimp_b asecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_Pt5_chimp_b asecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_hiPS10_huma n_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_iPSC_hiPS6_human _basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_JoC_chimp_d1 5_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 37 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_JoC_chimp_d1 5_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_Sandra_chimp _d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 35 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_Sandra_chimp _d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS10_human _d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 36 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS10_human _d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 26 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS6_human_ d15_basecall.sh - ONT_invitro/
preprocessing/ , Shell, 36 linesONT_invitro_MN10_WT_Rep1 _ontDNA_org_hiPS6_human_ d15_sort_index.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 28 linesmethylartist_composite_r etrotector.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 24 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_hg38_fetal.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 28 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_hg38_org_ips.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 25 linesmethylartist_linc00662_l ocus_pantro6_org_ips.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 27 linesmethylartist_segmeth_ret rotector_PTERV1.sh - ONT_invitro/
processing/ , Shell, 17 linesmethylartist_segplot_ret rotector.sh - PTERV1_genes/
src/ , R, 85 linesgenes_hosting_PTERV1.Rmd - PTERV1_genes/
src/ , Shell, 16 lineslift_PTERV1_overlapping_ genes_to_hg38.sh - bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/
processing/ , R, 246 linesbulkRNA_org_human_chimp_ gene_DEA.Rmd - bulkRNA_org_human_chimp/
processing/ , R, 103 linesgallego_etal_chimp_ipsc. Rmd - human_chimp_org/
preprocessing/ , Python, 44 lineshuman_chimp_org_preproce ssing.py - human_chimp_org/
processing/ , R, 463 lineshuman_chimp_org_QC_cellt ype.Rmd - README.md, Text, 46 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 3 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 72 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 23 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data, code, and materials availability
All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 25 October 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 23 authors, 12 MeSH terms, 15 funders, 101 references, 9 RRIDs.
Cite
This paper
Gerdes, P., Karlsson, O., Garza, R., Atacho, D. A. M., Hsieh, P., Prajapati, B., Yoo, D., Muralidharan, C., Adami, A., Davis-Hansson, C., Johansson, E. M., Sharma, Y., Castilla-Vallmanya, L., West, W., Vinod, M., Domitrovic, L., Johansson, P. A., Johansson, J., Douse, C. H., . . . Jakobsson, J. (2026). Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains. Science advances, 12(43), eaeg5791. https://
BibTeX
@article{gerdes2026retro
author = {Gerdes, Patricia and Karlsson, Ofelia and Garza, Raquel and Atacho, Diahann A. M. and Hsieh, PingHsun and Prajapati, Bharat and Yoo, DongAhn and Muralidharan, Chandramouli and Adami, Anita and Davis-Hansson, Carrie and Johansson, Emily M. and Sharma, Yogita and Castilla-Vallmanya, Laura and West, Wiktor and Vinod, Meghna and Domitrovic, Lucian and Johansson, Pia A. and Johansson, Jenny and Douse, Christopher H. and Kanduri, Chandrasekhar and Jern, Patric and Eichler, Evan E. and Jakobsson, Johan},
title = {{Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains}},
journal = {Science advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
volume = {12},
number = {43},
pages = {eaeg5791},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
issn = {2375-2548},
doi = {10.1126/
url = {https://
pmid = {42913018},
pmcid = {PMC13693685}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Gerdes, Patricia
AU - Karlsson, Ofelia
AU - Garza, Raquel
AU - Atacho, Diahann A. M.
AU - Hsieh, PingHsun
AU - Prajapati, Bharat
AU - Yoo, DongAhn
AU - Muralidharan, Chandramouli
AU - Adami, Anita
AU - Davis-Hansson, Carrie
AU - Johansson, Emily M.
AU - Sharma, Yogita
AU - Castilla-Vallmanya, Laura
AU - West, Wiktor
AU - Vinod, Meghna
AU - Domitrovic, Lucian
AU - Johansson, Pia A.
AU - Johansson, Jenny
AU - Douse, Christopher H.
AU - Kanduri, Chandrasekhar
AU - Jern, Patric
AU - Eichler, Evan E.
AU - Jakobsson, Johan
TI - Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains
T2 - Science advances
J2 - Sci Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 12
IS - 43
SP - eaeg5791
SN - 2375-2548
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
DO - 10.1126/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.
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- [10] doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04177-w [code]
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