Sudden Traumatic Noise Exposure Induces an Altered Wave I in the Auditory Brainstem Response in Human.

Overview

1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
2. Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
3. Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden

Abstract

Introduction: Noise trauma may induce auditory symptoms and temporary or permanent shifts in hearing thresholds, assessed with a tone audiogram. Until recently it has been assumed that primary changes after noise trauma exclusively represent damage to the sensory hair cells. Contrary, animal studies have now shown early alterations in auditory brainstem response (ABR) characteristic of auditory neuropathy (AN), as reduction or absence of wave I, following noise trauma. AN involves a variety of disease mechanisms in the cochlea and auditory nerve, affecting the synaptic encoding and/or neural transmission of auditory information. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients exposed to noise trauma exhibit click ABR alterations characteristic of AN.

Method: Thirty-one adult patients who attended an ear-nose and throat clinic, after a noise trauma, were included and an age- and gender-matched control group of 31 adults was constructed. To evaluate audiologic hearing impairment pure tone audiometry, speech intelligibility, click ABR and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE)/cochlear microphonics (CM) were performed. A full linear mixed model including the interaction between sex and group was tested.

Results: Our study showed that individuals exposed to sudden and distinct traumatic noise exhibit a statistically significant reduction (81.1 nV, p < 0.001) in the amplitude of wave I in ABR.

Conclusion: We suggest that the hearing investigation after sudden traumatic noise exposure should therefore be expanded with ABR to confirm or exclude AN.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

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Data

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• figshare:32833679, at figshare; found in DataCite

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are not publicly available due to privacy reasons but are available from corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

• Publisher: n/a → Karger Publishers
• Funding: added Umeå Universitet

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, pages, dates, 6 authors, 7 keywords, 41 references.

Cite

This paper

Lundgren, E., Koro, E., Kjellgren, Å., Hellström, S., Öhberg, F., & Werner, M. (2026). Sudden Traumatic Noise Exposure Induces an Altered Wave I in the Auditory Brainstem Response in Human. Audiology & neuro-otology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000553367

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