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Neural and behavioural correlates of theory of mind reasoning in five-year-old children born preterm.

Code ↔ Paper

12 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 12 matches
  1. [1] § Methods › fMRI data analyses ↔ scripts/05.motion_exclusions/mark_motion_exclusions.py, lines 142–217 · score 0.83 · composite motion, framewise displacement, standardised DVARS, artifact timepoints, rapidart, FD
  2. [2] § Methods › fMRI data analyses › Whole-brain random effects analyses ↔ scripts/07.second_level/secondlevel_pipeline.py, lines 344–391 · score 0.73 · threshold free cluster, FSL, enhancement, RANDOMISE, nonparametric, TFCE
  3. [3] § Methods › Measures › Other cognitive measures and covariates ↔ Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_dosedependency.R, lines 142–190 · score 0.69 · executive functions, percentile rank, gestational age, siblings, covariates, language
  4. [4] § Methods › fMRI data analyses ↔ scripts/06.first_level/firstlevel_pipeline.py, lines 858–997 · score 0.67 · MNI152NLin2009cAsym, fMRIPrep, T1w, kernel, pipeline, smoothed
  5. [5] § Methods › fMRI data analyses ↔ scripts/06.first_level/timecourse_pipeline.py, lines 297–338 · score 0.66 · framewise displacement, aCompCor, DVARS, confound, pipeline, MNI
  6. [6] § Methods › Measures › Other cognitive measures and covariates ↔ Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_mainAnalyses.R, lines 561–647 · score 0.65 · Receptive language, forced choice, percentile rank, boxplot, booklet, violin
  7. [7] § Methods › fMRI data analyses › First-level modelling ↔ scripts/07.second_level/reverse_correlation.py, lines 1–21 · score 0.63 · Reverse correlation, timecourses extracted, HRF, timepoints, movie, event
  8. [8] § Methods › Measures › Other cognitive measures and covariates ↔ Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_mainAnalyses.R, lines 561–647 · score 0.59 · receptive language, percentile rank, gestational age, score, GA
  9. [9] § Methods › fMRI data analyses › Regions of interest (ROI) analyses ↔ scripts/07.second_level/reverse_correlation.py, lines 104–174 · score 0.59 · reverse correlation, events identified, peak, longer, timepoints, magnitude
  10. [10] § Methods › fMRI data analyses ↔ Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_dosedependency.R, lines 320–371 · score 0.55 · framewise displacement, Cohen, DVARS, SD, artifact, FD
  11. [11] § Results › Movie-viewing fMRI results › Regions of interest analyses ↔ Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_mainAnalyses.R, lines 792–831 · score 0.54 · functional maturity, gestational age, response magnitude, network, GA, preterm
  12. [12] § Methods › fMRI data analyses › Regions of interest (ROI) analyses ↔ scripts/06.first_level/calc_psc.py, lines 122–160 · score 0.51 · artifact timepoint, high pass filtered, TR, volumes, Motion

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

R · 1,484 lines · 79 KB · no license · 3 matches

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It can be read at the source: Data and Code/Abeletal_PTB-ToM_mainAnalyses.R.

Overview

Authors: Selina Abel1,2, Melissa Thye1,3, Katie Mckinnon1, Rebekah Smikle1, Jean Skelton3, Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez3, Ray Amir1, Gayle Barclay4, Charlotte Jardine4, Donna Mcintyre4, Iona Hamilton4, Yu Wei Chua5, Aditi Hosangadi6, Alan Quigley7, G David Batty8, Michael J Thrippleton2,4, Heather C Whalley2, James P Boardman1,2, Hilary Richardson3
ORCID iDs: Selina Abel, Melissa Thye, Katie Mckinnon, Rebekah Smikle, Jean Skelton, Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez, Yu Wei Chua, James P Boardman, Hilary Richardson
  1. Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  2. Institute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  3. School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  4. Edinburgh Imaging Facility, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  5. Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  6. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  7. Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  8. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Institutions: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health (United Kingdom); University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (United Kingdom); University of Liverpool (United Kingdom); University of Wisconsin–Madison (United States); University College London (United Kingdom)
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), volume 4, article IMAG.a.1347
Dates: received 3 February 2026; accepted 26 July 2026; published online 26 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1162/imag.a.1347 · PMID 42662222 · PMCID PMC13519987 · OpenAlex W7201880297
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: fMRI (modality), human (organism), other condition (population)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: theory of mind, functional MRI (fMRI), social cognition, cognitive development, preterm birth
MeSH: Brain*, Infant, Premature*, Premature Birth*, Theory of Mind*, Brain Mapping, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male (* major topic)
Topic: Child and Animal Learning Development (Developmental and Educational Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Wellcome Trust (108890/Z/15/Z, 218493/Z/19/Z)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 97 references in the paper

Abstract

Behavioural studies suggest atypical or delayed development of “theory of mind” (ToM; our ability to reason about others’ mental states) following preterm birth. Using pre-registered analyses of behavioural and movie-viewing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) metrics of ToM, we tested for a domain-specific impact of preterm birth (24–32 weeks’ gestational age) on theory of mind development at age 5 years. Preterm-born children (n = 52) scored lower than term-born comparators (n = 58) on a linguistic behavioural ToM task, but this difference was primarily driven by differences in receptive language. Neurally, preterm-born children (n = 30) had qualitatively similar responses in brain regions that support ToM reasoning to a short movie to term-born comparators (n = 46), as characterised by four neural metrics; responses to one scene differed as a function of gestational age. Using intersubject correlation analyses, we found that preterm-born children’s ToM network responses were more heterogenous than term-born children’s responses; however, individual preterm-born children’s responses most resembled those observed in same-age term-born children, relative to younger children or other preterm-born children. Taken together, preterm birth does not appear to preclude broadly similar functional development in ToM brain regions by age 5 years.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 12 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

hrichardsonlab/fmri-analysis

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 15a4d88696a4daa910c428d636a1d5ad90c581d5, 10 September 2026
Languages: Python (24), Shell (18), R (1)
Size: 310 files, 43 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data and Code Availability”
Holds: README, 1 notebook
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: NumPy (24 files), pandas (24 files), Nipype (14 files), Nilearn (11 files), NiBabel (9 files), SciPy (8 files), FSL (6 files), PyBIDS (5 files), fMRIPrep (4 files), Dcm2Bids (2 files), FreeSurfer (2 files), ANTs (1 file), Matplotlib (1 file), MRIQC (1 file), scikit-learn (1 file), tedana (1 file), tidyverse (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
44 files, not copied: shown from their source

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At the source: github.com/hrichardsonlab/fmri-analysis

OSF xtyu8

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: R (5)
Size: 7 files, 5 scripts
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data and Code Availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: lmerTest (5 files), tidyverse (4 files), ggplot2 (3 files), lme4 (3 files), patchwork (2 files), brms (1 file), easystats (1 file), reshape2 (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
5 files, to read at the source

This repository has no license: its authors keep all rights. Read it at the source.

At the source: osf.io/xtyu8/overview

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 48 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 12 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Data

Datasets cited

Data and Code Availability

Requests for anonymised data for reproducing the statistical analyses of this study and raw, de-identified (f)MRI data can be made by completing a Data Access Request form at https://reproductive-health.ed.ac.uk/theirworld-edinburgh-birth-cohort-tebc/for-researchers/data-access-and-collaboration. The fMRI analysis pipeline (https://github.com/hrichardsonlab/fmri-analysis) and statistical analysis code (https://osf.io/xtyu8/overview) are publicly available.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 19 authors, 5 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 95 references.

Cite

This paper

Abel, S., Thye, M., Mckinnon, K., Smikle, R., Skelton, J., Jiménez-Sánchez, L., Amir, R., Barclay, G., Jardine, C., Mcintyre, D., Hamilton, I., Chua, Y. W., Hosangadi, A., Quigley, A., Batty, G. D., Thrippleton, M. J., Whalley, H. C., Boardman, J. P., & Richardson, H. (2026). Neural and behavioural correlates of theory of mind reasoning in five-year-old children born preterm. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1347. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1347

BibTeX

@article{abel2026neural,
author = {Abel, Selina and Thye, Melissa and Mckinnon, Katie and Smikle, Rebekah and Skelton, Jean and Jiménez-Sánchez, Lorena and Amir, Ray and Barclay, Gayle and Jardine, Charlotte and Mcintyre, Donna and Hamilton, Iona and Chua, Yu Wei and Hosangadi, Aditi and Quigley, Alan and Batty, G David and Thrippleton, Michael J and Whalley, Heather C and Boardman, James P and Richardson, Hilary},
title = {{Neural and behavioural correlates of theory of mind reasoning in five-year-old children born preterm}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1347},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/imag.a.1347},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1347},
pmid = {42662222},
pmcid = {PMC13519987}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Abel, Selina
AU - Thye, Melissa
AU - Mckinnon, Katie
AU - Smikle, Rebekah
AU - Skelton, Jean
AU - Jiménez-Sánchez, Lorena
AU - Amir, Ray
AU - Barclay, Gayle
AU - Jardine, Charlotte
AU - Mcintyre, Donna
AU - Hamilton, Iona
AU - Chua, Yu Wei
AU - Hosangadi, Aditi
AU - Quigley, Alan
AU - Batty, G David
AU - Thrippleton, Michael J
AU - Whalley, Heather C
AU - Boardman, James P
AU - Richardson, Hilary
TI - Neural and behavioural correlates of theory of mind reasoning in five-year-old children born preterm
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/26
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1347
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/imag.a.1347
UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1347
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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