PTEN regulates starburst amacrine cell dendrite morphology during development.
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 401 lines · 12 KB · GPL-3.0
- #man_pagesdcmd# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- #
- # Stimulus Program documentation build configuration file, created by
- # sphinx-quickstart on Thu Feb 04 11:17:06 2016.
- #
- # This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
- # containing dir.
- #
- # Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
- # autogenerated file.
- #
- # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
- # serve to show the default.
- import sys
- import os
- # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
- # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
- # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
- user = os.environ.get('USERNAME')
- if user == 'Alex':
- sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(r'C:\Users\Alex\Anaconda3\envs\stimprogram\Lib\site-packages'))
- elif user == 'bensivyer':
- sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(r'C:\Users\bensivyer\Anaconda3\envs\sp_env\Lib\site-packages'))
- sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(r'../../pyStim'))
- # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
- # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
- #needs_sphinx = '1.0'
- # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
- # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
- # ones.
- extensions = [
- 'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
- 'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
- 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
- # 'sphinx.ext.mathjax',
- 'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
- # 'rst2pdf.pdfbuilder' # add rst2pdf to pipfile if want to try building PDFs
- ]
- # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
- templates_path = ['_templates']
- # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
- # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
- # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
- source_suffix = '.rst'
- # The encoding of source files.
- #source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
- # The master toctree document.
- master_doc = 'index'
- # General information about the project.
- project = u'pyStim'
- copyright = u'2017, Alexander Tomlinson'
- author = u'Alexander Tomlinson'
- # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
- # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
- # built documents.
- #
- # The short X.Y version.
- version = u'1.1'
- # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
- release = u'1.1'
- # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
- # for a list of supported languages.
- #
- # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
- # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
- language = None
- # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
- # non-false value, then it is used:
- #today = ''
- # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
- #today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
- # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
- # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
- exclude_patterns = []
- # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
- # documents.
- #default_role = None
- # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
- #add_function_parentheses = True
- # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
- # unit titles (such as .. function::).
- #add_module_names = True
- # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
- # output. They are ignored by default.
- #show_authors = False
- # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
- pygments_style = 'sphinx'
- # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
- #modindex_common_prefix = []
- # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
- #keep_warnings = False
- # If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
- todo_include_todos = False
- # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
- # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for
- # a list of builtin themes.
- html_theme = 'sphinxdoc'
- # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
- # further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the
- # documentation.
- #html_theme_options = {}
- # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
- #html_theme_path = []
- # The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to
- # "<project> v<release> documentation".
- #html_title = None
- # A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title.
- #html_short_title = None
- # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
- # of the sidebar.
- #html_logo = None
- # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
- # docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
- # pixels large.
- #html_favicon = None
- # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
- # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
- # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
- # html_static_path = ['_static']
- # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
- # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
- # directly to the root of the documentation.
- #html_extra_path = []
- # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
- # using the given strftime format.
- #html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
- # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
- # typographically correct entities.
- #html_use_smartypants = True
- # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
- #html_sidebars = {}
- # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
- # template names.
- #html_additional_pages = {}
- # If false, no module index is generated.
- #html_domain_indices = True
- # If false, no index is generated.
- #html_use_index = True
- # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
- #html_split_index = False
- # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
- #html_show_sourcelink = True
- # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
- #html_show_sphinx = True
- # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
- #html_show_copyright = True
- # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
- # contain a <link> tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the
- # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
- #html_use_opensearch = ''
- # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
- #html_file_suffix = None
- # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
- # Sphinx supports the following languages:
- # 'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
- # 'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
- #html_search_language = 'en'
- # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
- # Now only 'ja' uses this config value
- #html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
- # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
- # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
- #html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
- # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
- htmlhelp_basename = 'pyStimdoc'
- # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
- latex_elements = {
- # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
- #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
- # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
- #'pointsize': '10pt',
- # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
- #'preamble': '',
- # Latex figure (float) alignment
- #'figure_align': 'htbp',
- }
- # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
- # (source start file, target name, title,
- # author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
- latex_documents = [
- (master_doc, 'pyStim.tex', u'pyStim Documentation',
- u'Alexander Tomlinson', 'manual'),
- ]
- # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
- # the title page.
- #latex_logo = None
- # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
- # not chapters.
- #latex_use_parts = False
- # If true, show page references after internal links.
- #latex_show_pagerefs = False
- # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
- # latex_show_urls = True
- # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
- #latex_appendices = []
- # If false, no module index is generated.
- #latex_domain_indices = True
- # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
- # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
- # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
- man_pages = [
- (master_doc, 'pyStim', u'pyStim Documentation',
- [author], 1)
- ]
- # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
- #man_show_urls = False
- # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
- # Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
- # (source start file, target name, title, author,
- # dir menu entry, description, category)
- texinfo_documents = [
- (master_doc, 'pyStim', u'pyStim Documentation',
- author, 'pyStim', 'Software to generate visual stimuli for use in visual neuroscience experiments.',
- 'Miscellaneous'),
- ]
- # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
- #texinfo_appendices = []
- # If false, no module index is generated.
- #texinfo_domain_indices = True
- # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
- #texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
- # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
- #texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
- # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
- intersphinx_mapping = {'https://docs.python.org/': None}
- # -----------------
- autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
- # -- Options for PDF output --------------------------------------------------
- # Grouping the document tree into PDF files. List of tuples
- # (source start file, target name, title, author, options).
- #
- # If there is more than one author, separate them with \\.
- # For example: r'Guido van Rossum\\Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor'
- #
- # The options element is a dictionary that lets you override
- # this config per-document.
- # For example,
- # ('index', u'MyProject', u'My Project', u'Author Name',
- # dict(pdf_compressed = True))
- # would mean that specific document would be compressed
- # regardless of the global pdf_compressed setting.
- pdf_documents = [
- ('index', u'MyProject', u'pyStim', u'Alexander Tomlinson'),
- ]
- # A comma-separated list of custom stylesheets. Example:
- pdf_stylesheets = ['sphinx', 'kerning', 'a4']
- # A list of folders to search for stylesheets. Example:
- pdf_style_path = ['.', '_styles']
- # Create a compressed PDF
- # Use True/False or 1/0
- # Example: compressed=True
- #pdf_compressed = False
- # A colon-separated list of folders to search for fonts. Example:
- # pdf_font_path = [r'C:\Windows\Fonts']
- # Language to be used for hyphenation support
- #pdf_language = "en_US"
- # Mode for literal blocks wider than the frame. Can be
- # overflow, shrink or truncate
- #pdf_fit_mode = "shrink"
- # Section level that forces a break page.
- # For example: 1 means top-level sections start in a new page
- # 0 means disabled
- #pdf_break_level = 0
- # When a section starts in a new page, force it to be 'even', 'odd',
- # or just use 'any'
- #pdf_breakside = 'any'
- # Insert footnotes where they are defined instead of
- # at the end.
- #pdf_inline_footnotes = True
- # verbosity level. 0 1 or 2
- pdf_verbosity = 1
- # If false, no index is generated.
- pdf_use_index = False
- # If false, no modindex is generated.
- #pdf_use_modindex = True
- # If false, no coverpage is generated.
- #pdf_use_coverpage = True
- # Name of the cover page template to use
- #pdf_cover_template = 'sphinxcover.tmpl'
- # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
- #pdf_appendices = []
- # Enable experimental feature to split table cells. Use it
- # if you get "DelayedTable too big" errors
- #pdf_splittables = False
- # Set the default DPI for images
- #pdf_default_dpi = 72
- # Enable rst2pdf extension modules (default is only vectorpdf)
- # you need vectorpdf if you want to use sphinx's graphviz support
- #pdf_extensions = ['vectorpdf']
- # Page template name for "regular" pages
- #pdf_page_template = 'cutePage'
- # Show Table Of Contents at the beginning?
- #pdf_use_toc = True
- # How many levels deep should the table of contents be?
- pdf_toc_depth = 2
- # Add section number to section references
- pdf_use_numbered_links = False
- # Background images fitting mode
- pdf_fit_background_mode = 'scale'
conf.py at commit 217add1, under GPL-3.0 · at the source
Overview
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
Abstract
Neurons are subject to extensive developmental regulation to ensure precise subtype-specific morphologies that are intimately tied to their function. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) in the mammalian retina have a highly stereotyped, radially symmetric dendritic arbor that is essential for their role in direction-selective circuits in the retina. We show that PTEN, the primary negative regulator of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway that is highly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, regulates SAC morphology in a cell-autonomous manner. Pten-deficient mouse SACs show a nearly twofold increase in the number of dendritic branches, while other morphological properties remain largely unchanged. These morphological changes arise late in SAC development, after dendrite development is largely complete, and persist into adulthood. Mechanistically, excessive dendritic branching appears to arise from dysregulated mTOR activity. Despite this increase in dendritic branches, Pten-deficient SACs maintain a normal population number, normal organization of synaptic outputs and intact direction-selectivity in the retina. Collectively, these results show that PTEN is essential in mouse for the normal development of highly stereotyped neuronal morphology.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.
SivyerLab/pystim
217add12282ca7419455ba347a64d4ab7a2030f0, 4 April 2023Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
- 28 September 2026: the link answers
7 files
- docs/
source/ , Python, 401 linesconf.py - pyStim/
GammaCorrection.py , Python, 508 lines - pyStim/
pyStim.py , Python, 2,636 lines - pyStim/
pyStimGUI.py , Python, 2,861 lines - tests/
test_pyStim.py , Python, 1,519 lines - LICENSE.rst, License, 11 lines
- README.md, Text, 73 lines
Tracing map
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Publisher: n/a → The Company of Biologists
- Authors: added Joseph Leffler (0000-0002-2751-0727); Benjamin Sivyer (0000-0002-4537-5768); removed Joseph Leffler; Benjamin Sivyer
Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 5 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 85 references.
Cite
This paper
Bracha, T. W., Luong, N., Leffler, J., Sivyer, B., & Wright, K. M. (2026). PTEN regulates starburst amacrine cell dendrite morphology during development. Development (Cambridge, England), 153(9), dev204980. https://
BibTeX
@article{bracha2026pten,
author = {Bracha, Teva W and Luong, Nina and Leffler, Joseph and Sivyer, Benjamin and Wright, Kevin M},
title = {{PTEN regulates starburst amacrine cell dendrite morphology during development}},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {153},
number = {9},
pages = {dev204980},
publisher = {The Company of Biologists},
issn = {0950-1991},
doi = {10.1242/
url = {https://
pmid = {41968902},
pmcid = {PMC13200731}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Bracha, Teva W
AU - Luong, Nina
AU - Leffler, Joseph
AU - Sivyer, Benjamin
AU - Wright, Kevin M
TI - PTEN regulates starburst amacrine cell dendrite morphology during development
T2 - Development (Cambridge, England)
J2 - Development
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 153
IS - 9
SP - dev204980
SN - 0950-1991
PB - The Company of Biologists
DO - 10.1242/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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