Altered salience network structure-function integration underlies the decline in cognitive flexibility during aging.
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MATLAB · 75 lines · 3.3 KB · no license · 1 match
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Overview
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Physics & Astronomy, Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Longevity & Human Potential TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility supports efficient switching between mental sets and contributes to the preservation of general cognition in aging. It relies on the integration between brain functional dynamics and structural architecture. However, how this structure–function integration changes with age and contributes to cognitive flexibility decline in older adults remains unclear. In this study, we investigated longitudinal aging-related changes in multimodal structure–function integration, quantified as functional signal alignment (i.e., coupling) versus liberality (i.e., decoupling) relative to individual structural connectomes, which represent distinct spectral components, and tested their longitudinal associations with cognitive flexibility. Resting-state fMRI signals were decomposed based on diffusion MRI–derived structural networks using a graph signal processing framework. We focused on subnetworks within three core large-scale cognitive systems: the executive control network (ECN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Across two independent datasets, the task-positive SN-A subnetwork, which includes core SN regions such as the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, exhibited decreased coupling and increased decoupling with aging. Importantly, these changes were associated with a greater decline in cognitive flexibility (measured by the Trail Making Test and Color Trails Test) over time. In contrast, task-negative DMN-A (centered in the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex) showed aging-related changes in the opposite direction, with increased coupling and decreased decoupling over time. Together, these findings reveal network-specific trajectories of intrinsic structure–function integration in normal aging and indicate that preserved structure–function integration within the SN may be particularly important for maintaining cognitive flexibility in older adults.
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hzlab/2026_Qian_PLOS_BIOL_Coupling_Aging
66bfb31d7ea495502e11229e22036d3fddf27b82, 29 March 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers
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Zenodo 19316674
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
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- signal_decomposition.m — MATLAB, 82 lines
- README.md — Text, 98 lines
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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 11 authors, 12 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 117 references.
Cite
This paper
Qian, X., Yue, W. L., Ng, K. K., Leong, R. L. F., Ji, F., Venketasubramanian, N., Hilal, S., Chen, C., Chee, M. W. L., Bassett, D. S., & Zhou, J. H. (2026). Altered salience network structure-function integration underlies the decline in cognitive flexibility during aging. PLoS biology, 24(4), e3003738. https://
BibTeX
@article{qian2026altered
author = {Qian, Xing and Yue, Wan Lin and Ng, Kwun Kei and Leong, Ruth L. F. and Ji, Fang and Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy and Hilal, Saima and Chen, Christopher and Chee, Michael W. L. and Bassett, Dani S. and Zhou, Juan Helen},
title = {{Altered salience network structure-function integration underlies the decline in cognitive flexibility during aging}},
journal = {PLoS biology},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {e3003738},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1544-9173},
doi = {10.1371/
url = {https://
pmid = {41973732},
pmcid = {PMC13089881}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Qian, Xing
AU - Yue, Wan Lin
AU - Ng, Kwun Kei
AU - Leong, Ruth L. F.
AU - Ji, Fang
AU - Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
AU - Hilal, Saima
AU - Chen, Christopher
AU - Chee, Michael W. L.
AU - Bassett, Dani S.
AU - Zhou, Juan Helen
TI - Altered salience network structure-function integration underlies the decline in cognitive flexibility during aging
T2 - PLoS biology
J2 - PLoS Biol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 24
IS - 4
SP - e3003738
SN - 1544-9173
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
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