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NeuronID: An automatic toolkit for identifying neurons in two-photon calcium imaging data.

Overview

Authors: Jikan Peng1,2,3, Tian Xu2,3
ORCID iDs: Jikan Peng
  1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  3. Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Institutions: Westlake University (China); Zhejiang University (China)
Journal: PloS one, volume 21, issue 3, article e0343516
Dates: received 29 September 2025; accepted 8 February 2026; published online 9 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0343516 · PMID 41801931 · PMCID PMC12970857 · OpenAlex W7134224619
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: histology / microscopy (modality), optical imaging (calcium, voltage, 2-photon) (modality), human (organism), methods / tools (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
MeSH: Calcium*, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton*, Neurons*, Software*, Algorithms, Animals, Humans, Photons (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Signal Transduction, Cell Signaling, Calcium Signaling, Research and Analysis Methods, Imaging Techniques, Neuroimaging, Calcium Imaging, Neuroscience, Computational Biology, Computational Neuroscience, Single Neuron Function, Cellular Neuroscience, Neuronal Morphology, Cellular Types, Animal Cells, Glial Cells, Neuropil, Neurons, Engineering and Technology, Signal Processing, Noise Reduction, Fluorescence Imaging
Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) (U21A20201); Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province (2020E10027); Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (2021ZY1019, 2022ZY1005); Zhejiang Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program (2018R01003); Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine (202208011)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 34 references in the paper

Abstract

Two-photon calcium imaging has emerged as a powerful technique for monitoring neuronal activity in neuroscience; however, its data processing remains challenging. Here, we introduce NeuronID, an automatic toolkit designed to process two-photon calcium imaging data. The NeuronID toolkit features a modular architecture that includes motion correction, noise reduction, segmentation of neuronal components, and extraction of neuronal signals. Notably, the NeuronID toolkit offers an optimized strategy for segmenting neuronal components, which systematically integrates morphological boundary identification, cross-correlation analysis between pixels, and evaluation of neuronal signal quality. Compared to existing tools or manual annotation by experts, the NeuronID toolkit reduces the likelihood of over-segmentation while achieving near-human accuracy. Overall, this study provides an effective solution to the segmentation of neuronal components, offering a standardized analytical tool for processing two-photon calcium imaging data.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data Availability

The NeuronID toolkit is available on GitHub (https://github.com/Peng-Jikan/NeuronID) and from the authors upon request. The repository includes a ‘DataDemo’ package for testing the pipeline. Example Dataset 1, along with neuronal masks identified by NeuronID on nine expert-annotated benchmark datasets, are publicly available via Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30918077). All original imaging data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 2 authors, 9 MeSH terms, 5 funders, 29 references.

Cite

This paper

Peng, J., & Xu, T. (2026). NeuronID: An automatic toolkit for identifying neurons in two-photon calcium imaging data. PloS one, 21(3), e0343516. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343516

BibTeX

@article{peng2026neuronid,
author = {Peng, Jikan and Xu, Tian},
title = {{NeuronID: An automatic toolkit for identifying neurons in two-photon calcium imaging data}},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {e0343516},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0343516},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343516},
pmid = {41801931},
pmcid = {PMC12970857}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Peng, Jikan
AU - Xu, Tian
TI - NeuronID: An automatic toolkit for identifying neurons in two-photon calcium imaging data
T2 - PloS one
J2 - PLoS One
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/09
VL - 21
IS - 3
SP - e0343516
SN - 1932-6203
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0343516
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343516
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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