OSCR

Altered brain function associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: An rs-fMRI study.

Overview

Authors: Hongjuan Bai1, Shaohua Chang1, Jing Li2, Ning Li1,3, Hailong Wang2, Xinyu Du2, Hongyan Zhao1, Xuebing Xu1
ORCID iDs: Ning Li
  1. Ningxia Ningan Hospital (Ningxia Provincial Mental Health Center), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
  2. Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ningxia Ningan Hospital (Ningxia Provincial Mental Health Center), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
  3. Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Institutions: Ningxia University (China)
Journal: PloS one, volume 21, issue 8, article e0356601
Dates: received 6 October 2025; accepted 28 July 2026; published online 20 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0356601 · PMID 42623393 · PMCID PMC13492744 · OpenAlex W7203828338
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: fMRI (modality), human (organism), depression (population), developmental (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Connectivity, Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
MeSH: Brain*, Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Major Depressive Disorder*, Self-Injurious Behavior*, Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Self Harm, Biology and Life Sciences, Psychology, Behavior, Motivation, Social Sciences, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Psychology, Mood Disorders, Depression, Emotions, People and Places, Population Groupings, Age Groups, Children, Adolescents, Families, Suicide, Research and Analysis Methods, Imaging Techniques, Neuroimaging, Cognition
Topic: Suicide and Self-Harm Studies (Clinical Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Ningxia Health Commission Health Science Research Project (2025-NWZC-A019)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 69 references in the paper

Abstract

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and harmful among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), threatening mental and physical health. This study aims to elucidate the poorly understood neural mechanisms underlying NSSI behaviors and motivations in this group.

Methods: 133 adolescent participants were recruited, comprising 45 MDD with NSSI, 46 MDD without NSSI, and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All underwent resting-state functional MRI, from which low-frequency amplitude fluctuations (ALFF) were assessed and regions showing group differences were used as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Associations between ALFF/FC values and NSSI behaviors and motivations were then evaluated via a cross-validation prediction method for robustness and generalizability.

Results: Adolescents with MDD who engaged in NSSI showed increased ALFF in the left precuneus, significantly associated with NSSI behaviors, and increased left precuneus–left cuneus FC, significantly associated with behaviors and intrapersonal negative reinforcement motivations. Prediction analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, with ALFF (r(predicted, observed) = 0.653, p = 0.001) and FC (r(predicted, observed) = 0.601, p = 0.001; r(predicted, observed) = 0.587, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Our study identified key alterations in brain activity associated with NSSI behaviors and motivations in adolescents with MDD, providing neural markers for NSSI prediction and diagnosis and targets for precision interventions.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data Availability

All demographic data, scale scores, as well as ALFF and FC values are available from the OSF database (https://osf.io/mkrza).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 11 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 59 references.

Cite

This paper

Bai, H., Chang, S., Li, J., Li, N., Wang, H., Du, X., Zhao, H., & Xu, X. (2026). Altered brain function associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: An rs-fMRI study. PloS one, 21(8), e0356601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356601

BibTeX

@article{bai2026altered,
author = {Bai, Hongjuan and Chang, Shaohua and Li, Jing and Li, Ning and Wang, Hailong and Du, Xinyu and Zhao, Hongyan and Xu, Xuebing},
title = {{Altered brain function associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: An rs-fMRI study}},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {e0356601},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0356601},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356601},
pmid = {42623393},
pmcid = {PMC13492744}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Bai, Hongjuan
AU - Chang, Shaohua
AU - Li, Jing
AU - Li, Ning
AU - Wang, Hailong
AU - Du, Xinyu
AU - Zhao, Hongyan
AU - Xu, Xuebing
TI - Altered brain function associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: An rs-fMRI study
T2 - PloS one
J2 - PLoS One
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/20
VL - 21
IS - 8
SP - e0356601
SN - 1932-6203
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0356601
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356601
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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