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Maturation of the neonatal cortical-depth-dependent BOLD response measured using ultra-high field fMRI

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LICENSE at commit aedc377, under Apache-2.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Jucha Willers Moore1,2, Philippa Bridgen3,4, Elisabeth Pickles3,4, Pierluigi Di Cio3,4, Lucy Billimoria3,4, Ines Tomazinho1,3, Cidalia Da Costa1,3, Dario Gallo1,3, Grant Hartung2,5,6, Alena Uus1,7, Maria Deprez1,7, Sharon L. Giles1,3, A. David Edwards1,3, Joseph V. Hajnal4,7, Shaihan J. Malik1,4,7, Jonathan R. Polimeni2,5,8, Tomoki Arichi1,3,9
ORCID iDs: Maria Deprez, A. David Edwards, Joseph V. Hajnal, Tomoki Arichi
  1. Early Life Imaging Research Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  2. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
  3. Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  4. London Collaborative Ultra high field System (LoCUS), Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
  5. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
  6. Institute for Mechanics, Computational Mechanics Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  7. Imaging Physics and Engineering Research Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  8. Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
  9. MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Institutions: King's College London (United Kingdom); Massachusetts General Hospital (United States); Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (United Kingdom); Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States); MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (United Kingdom)
Journal: Research Square (preprint)
Dates: published online 19 August 2026
Type: Preprint
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1 · OpenAlex W7203757805
Open access: green, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: fMRI (modality), human (organism), developmental (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications (Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Wellcome Trust (201526, WT 203148/Z/16, WT 203148/Z/16/Z), 201526/Z/16/Z, MR/V036874/1, WT203148, WT201526/Z/16/Z); Action Medical Research (GN2728); National Institute for Health and Care Research; Department of Health and Social Care (WT 203148/Z/16/Z); King's College London (WT203148/Z/16/Z, MR/Y009665/1, MR/P502108/1, MR/N026063/1); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (543670971); Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MR/Y009665/1, [MR/N026063/1, MR/V036874/1, MR/P008712/1); National Institutes of Health; Medical Research Council (WT203148/Z/16/Z, MR/N026063/, MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1, MR/P008712/1, MR/V036874/1, MR/P502108/1); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council ([WT203148/Z/16/Z]); Centre For Medical Engineering, King’s College London (WT 203148/Z/16/Z)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 64 references in the paper

Abstract

The human brain undergoes rapid and dramatic development across the perinatal period which is critical for lifelong brain function. In the mature brain, neuronal activity, metabolism, vasculature and neurovascular coupling vary across cortical layers, however, each property follows distinct and complex developmental trajectories in early life. As a result, haemodynamic maturation likely varies with cortical depth, with implications for the physiology supporting emerging patterns of neural activity. To probe this, we developed and applied an ultra-high-field (7 Tesla) MRI platform to acquire high-resolution (sub-millimetre) BOLD-fMRI data from 40 newborns and 4 adults. We identified spatially specific haemodynamic responses across all ages which showed cortical depth-dependent patterns of maturation. This aligns with existing evidence indicating tight coupling and co-development of cortical vascular architecture, neuronal function and haemodynamics. This framework provides a foundation for future studies of emerging cortical function and exploration of how disruption leads to later adverse neurodevelopment.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

JuchaWM/Neonatal-cortical-depth-dependent-BOLD-responses

License: Apache-2.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: aedc37755e1c75ed6d4f147e11debc6819ace1f6, 24 June 2026
Size: 4 files
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data and Code Availability Statement”
Holds: README, license file
Not found: CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
2 files
At the source: github.com/JuchaWM/Neonatal-cortical-depth-dependent-BOLD-responses

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data and Code Availability Statement

Source data for all figures, as well as analysis code to reproduce modelling and visualisation are available on GitHub (https://github.com/JuchaWM/Neonatal-cortical-depth-dependent-BOLD-responses). The raw fMRI data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added Wellcome Trust: 201526, WT 203148/Z/16, WT 203148/Z/16/Z), 201526/Z/16/Z, MR/V036874/1, WT203148, WT201526/Z/16/Z; Action Medical Research: GN2728; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Department of Health and Social Care: WT 203148/Z/16/Z; King's College London: WT203148/Z/16/Z, MR/Y009665/1, MR/P502108/1, MR/N026063/1; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: 543670971; Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: MR/Y009665/1, [MR/N026063/1, MR/V036874/1, MR/P008712/1; National Institutes of Health; Medical Research Council: WT203148/Z/16/Z, MR/N026063/, MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1, MR/P008712/1, MR/V036874/1, MR/P502108/1; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council: [WT203148/Z/16/Z]; Centre For Medical Engineering, King’s College London: WT 203148/Z/16/Z

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, journal, dates, 17 authors, 62 references.

Cite

This paper

Moore, J. W., Bridgen, P., Pickles, E., Di Cio, P., Billimoria, L., Tomazinho, I., Da Costa, C., Gallo, D., Hartung, G., Uus, A., Deprez, M., Giles, S. L., Edwards, A. D., Hajnal, J. V., Malik, S. J., Polimeni, J. R., & Arichi, T. (2026). Maturation of the neonatal cortical-depth-dependent BOLD response measured using ultra-high field fMRI. Research Square (preprint). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1

BibTeX

@article{moore2026maturation,
author = {Moore, Jucha Willers and Bridgen, Philippa and Pickles, Elisabeth and Di Cio, Pierluigi and Billimoria, Lucy and Tomazinho, Ines and Da Costa, Cidalia and Gallo, Dario and Hartung, Grant and Uus, Alena and Deprez, Maria and Giles, Sharon L. and Edwards, A. David and Hajnal, Joseph V. and Malik, Shaihan J. and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Arichi, Tomoki},
title = {{Maturation of the neonatal cortical-depth-dependent BOLD response measured using ultra-high field fMRI}},
journal = {Research Square (preprint)},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
publisher = {Research Square},
issn = {2693-5015},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Moore, Jucha Willers
AU - Bridgen, Philippa
AU - Pickles, Elisabeth
AU - Di Cio, Pierluigi
AU - Billimoria, Lucy
AU - Tomazinho, Ines
AU - Da Costa, Cidalia
AU - Gallo, Dario
AU - Hartung, Grant
AU - Uus, Alena
AU - Deprez, Maria
AU - Giles, Sharon L.
AU - Edwards, A. David
AU - Hajnal, Joseph V.
AU - Malik, Shaihan J.
AU - Polimeni, Jonathan R.
AU - Arichi, Tomoki
TI - Maturation of the neonatal cortical-depth-dependent BOLD response measured using ultra-high field fMRI
T2 - Research Square (preprint)
J2 - Res Sq
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/19
SN - 2693-5015
PB - Research Square
DO - 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1
UR - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10456639/v1
ER -

CSL-JSON

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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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