A confidence-gated source selection strategy for cross-session transfer in brain-computer interfaces.
The 9 matches
- [1] § Materials and methods › Classification ↔ src/crossda/pipelines/pipeline_utils.py, lines 237–287 · score 0.68 · linear discriminant, shrinkage, gamma, RBF, kernel, LDA
- [2] § Materials and methods › Source-selection and configuration-selection pipelines › MMP: minimum-distance multi-source pipeline ↔ src/crossda/pipelines/mmp_pipeline.py, lines 87–133 · score 0.65 · nearest proxy task, proxy target, proxy source, MMP, training, distance
- [3] § Materials and methods › Source-selection and configuration-selection pipelines › BDP: bridge-domain pipeline ↔ src/crossda/config.py, lines 40–151 · score 0.63 · cross validation, Far Bridge, fitted, proxy, score, domain
- [4] § Materials and methods › Feature extraction ↔ src/crossda/pipelines/pipeline_utils.py, lines 172–212 · score 0.61 · Tangent space, covariance matrices
- [5] § Materials and methods › Evaluation protocol ↔ src/crossda/config.py, lines 40–151 · score 0.57 · cross validation, Bridge Far, unweighted, folds, DWP, MMP
- [6] § Materials and methods › Datasets ↔ src/crossda/core/workers.py, lines 111–164 · score 0.55 · EEG channels, epochs, binary, classes, filtered, 35 Hz
- [7] § Materials and methods › Classification ↔ src/crossda/core/method_bank.py, lines 18–149 · score 0.54 · RBF SVM, linear, LDA, radial, sensitivity, baseline
- [8] § Materials and methods › Source-selection and configuration-selection pipelines › MMP: minimum-distance multi-source pipeline ↔ src/crossda/pipelines/mmp_pipeline.py, lines 1–35 · score 0.53 · weighted vote, MMP, distance, proxy, pipeline
- [9] § Materials and methods › Source-selection and configuration-selection pipelines › DWP: distance-weighted pooling ↔ src/crossda/pipelines/dwp_pipeline.py, lines 1–34 · score 0.52 · inverse distance weights, DWP, training, MAP, configuration
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 287 lines · 11 KB · MIT · 2 matches
- """
- pipeline_utils.py — Shared utilities for MAP, MMP, and BDP pipelines.
- """
- from __future__ import annotations
- from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
- import numpy as np
- from numpy.typing import NDArray
- from da4bci.metrics.distance import (
- compute_mmd,
- compute_wasserstein,
- compute_energy,
- compute_mahalanobis,
- )
- from da4bci.geometry.spd import compute_geodesic
- from da4bci import domain_adaptation
- from mne.decoding import CSP
- from pyriemann.estimation import Covariances
- from pyriemann.tangentspace import TangentSpace
- from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
- from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import LinearDiscriminantAnalysis
- from sklearn.svm import SVC
- from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
- from pyriemann.classification import MDM
- ###############################################################################
- # Distance
- ###############################################################################
- def session_distance(
- Xs: NDArray, Xt: NDArray, dist_type: str, dist_param: Optional[dict] = None,
- ) -> float:
- dist_param = dist_param or {}
- dispatch = {
- "mmd": lambda: compute_mmd(Xs, Xt, sigma=dist_param.get("sigma", 1.0)),
- "wasserstein": lambda: compute_wasserstein(Xs, Xt),
- "energy": lambda: compute_energy(Xs, Xt),
- "geodesic": lambda: compute_geodesic(Xs, Xt),
- "mahalanobis": lambda: compute_mahalanobis(Xs, Xt),
- }
- if dist_type not in dispatch:
- raise ValueError(f"Unknown distance type: {dist_type!r}")
- return float(dispatch[dist_type]())
- def distance_ci(
- X: NDArray, Y: NDArray, dist_type: str, dist_param: Optional[dict] = None,
- B: int = 200, alpha: float = 0.05, est_method: str = "direct",
- rng: Optional[np.random.Generator] = None,
- ) -> Dict[str, float]:
- """Bootstrap confidence interval for session_distance."""
- X = np.asarray(X, dtype=float)
- Y = np.asarray(Y, dtype=float)
- n, m = X.shape[0], Y.shape[0]
- if n < 1 or m < 1:
- return dict(est=np.inf, lwr=np.inf, upr=np.inf)
- if rng is None:
- rng = np.random.default_rng()
- d_hat = np.nan
- if est_method == "direct":
- try:
- d_hat = session_distance(X, Y, dist_type, dist_param)
- except Exception:
- d_hat = np.inf
- vals = np.full(B, np.nan)
- for b in range(B):
- try:
- vals[b] = session_distance(
- X[rng.integers(n, size=n)], Y[rng.integers(m, size=m)],
- dist_type, dist_param,
- )
- except Exception:
- pass
- finite = vals[np.isfinite(vals)]
- if len(finite) < 2:
- est = d_hat if np.isfinite(d_hat) else np.inf
- return dict(est=est, lwr=np.inf, upr=np.inf)
- lwr = float(np.quantile(finite, alpha / 2))
- upr = float(np.quantile(finite, 1 - alpha / 2))
- est = float(np.mean(finite)) if est_method == "boot_mean" else d_hat
- # The direct point estimate can fail (d_hat=inf) even when the bootstrap
- # resamples are finite; fall back to the bootstrap mean so the reported
- # estimate is never inf while its own CI is finite.
- if not np.isfinite(est):
- est = float(np.mean(finite))
- return dict(est=est, lwr=lwr, upr=upr)
- ###############################################################################
- # Feature scaling
- ###############################################################################
- def scale_to_target(
- X_list: List[NDArray], X_target: NDArray,
- ) -> Tuple[List[NDArray], NDArray]:
- """Standardise sources + target to the target's column-wise mean and sd."""
- X_target = np.asarray(X_target, dtype=float)
- center = X_target.mean(axis=0)
- sds = X_target.std(axis=0, ddof=1)
- sds[~np.isfinite(sds) | (sds <= 0)] = 1.0
- scaled_sources = [(np.asarray(X, dtype=float) - center) / sds for X in X_list]
- scaled_target = (X_target - center) / sds
- return scaled_sources, scaled_target
- def compute_distance_ci_table(
- X_sources: List[NDArray], X_target: NDArray, dist_type: str,
- dist_param: Optional[dict] = None, *, scale: bool = True,
- B: int = 200, alpha: float = 0.05, est_method: str = "boot_mean",
- rng_for_index=None,
- ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
- """Per-source distance-to-target CI table (optionally on target-scaled features).
- Returns one ``{"i": i, "est", "lwr", "upr"}`` row per source. ``rng_for_index``
- is a callable ``i -> Generator | None`` supplying the bootstrap Generator for
- source i; the distance-based pipelines differ only in this per-source seeding
- rule, so each passes its own. Default (None) yields nondeterministic CIs.
- """
- if scale:
- x_pre, t_pre = scale_to_target(X_sources, X_target)
- else:
- x_pre, t_pre = X_sources, X_target
- if rng_for_index is None:
- def rng_for_index(_i):
- return None
- return [
- {"i": i, **distance_ci(
- xs, t_pre, dist_type, dist_param,
- B=B, alpha=alpha, est_method=est_method, rng=rng_for_index(i),
- )}
- for i, xs in enumerate(x_pre)
- ]
- ###############################################################################
- # Domain adaptation
- ###############################################################################
- def apply_da(da_method, da_control, X_src, X_tgt):
- """Apply domain adaptation to a (source, target) feature pair.
- Returns the adapted ``(X_src, X_tgt)``. ``da_method == "none"`` is a
- pass-through. Missing da4bci result keys fall back to the raw inputs, so a
- DA that returns unexpected keys degrades to no-DA instead of raising. This
- is the single source/target contract shared by every pipeline; callers that
- need to treat a raised DA error specially still wrap the call in try/except.
- """
- if da_method == "none":
- return X_src, X_tgt
- da_result = domain_adaptation(
- source_data=X_src, target_data=X_tgt,
- method=da_method, control=da_control,
- )
- return (da_result.get("weighted_source_data", X_src),
- da_result.get("target_data", X_tgt))
- ###############################################################################
- # Feature extraction
- ###############################################################################
- def extract_features_train(
- X: NDArray, y: NDArray, feat_name: str, feat_params: Optional[dict] = None,
- ) -> Tuple[NDArray, Any]:
- """
- Fit a feature extractor on training data.
- Parameters
- ----------
- X : 3D array (n_trials, n_channels, n_times)
- y : labels
- feat_name : "logvar" | "CSP" | "TS"
- Returns (features, fitted_object)
- """
- feat_params = feat_params or {}
- if feat_name == "logvar":
- return _logvar(X), {"type": "logvar"}
- if feat_name == "CSP":
- n_components = feat_params.get("n_components", feat_params.get("ncomps", 8))
- csp = CSP(n_components=n_components, log=True)
- return csp.fit_transform(X, y), {"type": "CSP", "csp": csp}
- if feat_name == "TS":
- # Tangent-space parametrization of covariance matrices.
- # metric="riemann" uses the geometric (Frechet) mean as reference —
- # better theoretical grounding but expensive (iterative logm/expm).
- # metric="euclid" uses the arithmetic mean — nearly identical accuracy
- # but significantly faster on high-dimensional data (e.g. 3x on 60ch).
- # See: Dadi et al. (2019) "Benchmarking functional connectome-based
- # predictive models for resting-state fMRI", NeuroImage 192, Fig.A10
- # & Appendix A. Default changed to "euclid" based on our own benchmark
- # (TS_test/): 3x speedup with comparable or better accuracy when
- # combined with domain adaptation (SA).
- cov_est = Covariances(estimator="lwf")
- ts = TangentSpace(metric=feat_params.get("ts_metric", "euclid"))
- covs = cov_est.fit_transform(X)
- return ts.fit_transform(covs, y), {"type": "TS", "cov_est": cov_est, "ts": ts}
- raise ValueError(f"Unknown feature: {feat_name!r}. Supported: logvar, CSP, TS")
- def extract_features_test(
- X: NDArray, fitted_obj: Any, feat_name: str,
- ) -> NDArray:
- """Apply a fitted feature extractor to new data."""
- if feat_name == "logvar":
- return _logvar(X)
- if feat_name == "CSP":
- return fitted_obj["csp"].transform(X)
- if feat_name == "TS":
- return fitted_obj["ts"].transform(fitted_obj["cov_est"].transform(X))
- raise ValueError(f"Unknown feature: {feat_name!r}")
- def _logvar(X: NDArray) -> NDArray:
- """Log-variance features: (n_trials, n_channels)."""
- return np.log(np.var(X, axis=2) + 1e-10)
- ###############################################################################
- # Classifier dispatch
- ###############################################################################
- def get_classifier(clf_name: str, clf_params: Optional[dict] = None) -> Any:
- """Create an sklearn-compatible classifier instance."""
- p = clf_params or {}
- if clf_name == "lda":
- return LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(shrinkage=p.get("shrinkage", "auto"), solver="lsqr")
- if clf_name == "svm_linear":
- return SVC(kernel="linear", C=p.get("cost", p.get("C", 0.1)))
- if clf_name == "svm_radial":
- gamma = p.get("gamma", 0.1)
- return SVC(kernel="rbf", C=p.get("cost", p.get("C", 0.1)),
- gamma="scale" if gamma == -1 else gamma)
- if clf_name == "mdm":
- return MDM()
- if clf_name == "el":
- from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
- return SGDClassifier(
- loss="log_loss", penalty="elasticnet",
- l1_ratio=p.get("alpha", 0.5), max_iter=100000, random_state=42,
- )
- if clf_name == "lr":
- return LogisticRegression(penalty="l2", max_iter=20000, solver="lbfgs")
- if clf_name == "lgbm":
- from lightgbm import LGBMClassifier
- return LGBMClassifier(
- num_leaves=p.get("num_leaves", 31), learning_rate=p.get("learning_rate", 0.05),
- max_depth=p.get("max_depth", -1), n_estimators=p.get("nrounds", 200),
- reg_alpha=p.get("lambda_l1", 0.1), reg_lambda=p.get("lambda_l2", 0.1),
- subsample=p.get("bagging_fraction", 0.8), colsample_bytree=p.get("feature_fraction", 0.8),
- verbose=-1, random_state=p.get("seed", 123),
- )
- if clf_name == "elm":
- from sklearn.kernel_approximation import RBFSampler
- from sklearn.linear_model import RidgeClassifier
- return make_pipeline(RBFSampler(n_components=p.get("nhid", 500), random_state=1), RidgeClassifier())
- if clf_name == "catboost":
- from catboost import CatBoostClassifier
- return CatBoostClassifier(
- depth=p.get("depth", 6), learning_rate=p.get("lr", 0.05),
- iterations=p.get("iters", 500), early_stopping_rounds=p.get("es_round", 30), verbose=0,
- )
- raise ValueError(f"Unknown classifier: {clf_name!r}")
pipeline_utils.py at commit 573c896, under MIT · at the source
Overview
Abstract
Cross-session variability remains a major obstacle to the reliable operation of motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI), particularly when systems are reused across multiple days. When multiple prior sessions from the same subject are available, two key questions arise before domain transfer: which source sessions to select and how to effectively utilize them. We address these questions by developing confidence-gated, selective-transfer pipelines: a Minimum-Distance Multi-Source Pipeline (MMP) that only uses source sessions close to the target, and a Bridge Domain Pipeline (BDP) that exploits both near and far sources to improve robustness. We evaluated these novel pipelines against uniform-pooling (MAP) and distance-weighted-poolin
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 9 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
Yiming-S/MSDA-Bench
9cc9097b83141299c08ad16e92bd1e2983c57590, 22 July 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
17 files
- app.py, Python, 196 lines
- data_loader.py, Python, 784 lines
- utils.py, Python, 332 lines
- views/
_10_efficiency.py , Python, 221 lines - views/
_11_degradation.py , Python, 411 lines - views/
_1_overview.py , Python, 139 lines - views/
_2_benchmark.py , Python, 354 lines - views/
_3_stability.py , Python, 250 lines - views/
_4_config.py , Python, 117 lines - views/
_5_subject.py , Python, 199 lines - views/
_6_da.py , Python, 201 lines - views/
_7_mechanism.py , Python, 486 lines - views/
_8_target.py , Python, 131 lines - views/
_9_error.py , Python, 185 lines - views/
__init__.py , Python, 11 lines - LICENSE, License, 22 lines
- README.md, Text, 75 lines
Yiming-S/CrossPython
573c8962133d00d4eecae1aa6a07ab39c99fa22d, 22 July 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
30 files
- src/
crossda/ , Python, 38 lines__init__.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 6 lines__main__.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 199 linescli.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 207 lines, 2 matchesconfig.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 1 linecore/ __init__.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 61 linescore/ cross_cv.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 173 lines, 1 matchcore/ method_bank.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 669 lines, 1 matchcore/ workers.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 1 linepipelines/ __init__.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 491 linespipelines/ bdp_pipeline.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 250 lines, 1 matchpipelines/ dwp_pipeline.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 123 linespipelines/ map_pipeline.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 539 lines, 2 matchespipelines/ mmp_pipeline.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 287 lines, 2 matchespipelines/ pipeline_utils.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 237 linespipelines/ scoring.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 41 linespipelines/ session_roles.py - src/
crossda/ , Python, 39 linespipelines/ weighting.py - tests/
__init__.py , Python, 1 line - tests/
conftest.py , Python, 52 lines - tests/
test_bugfixes.py , Python, 70 lines - tests/
test_checkpoint.py , Python, 34 lines - tests/
test_config.py , Python, 56 lines - tests/
test_distances.py , Python, 77 lines - tests/
test_method_bank.py , Python, 32 lines - tests/
test_pipelines.py , Python, 81 lines - tests/
test_scoring.py , Python, 40 lines - tests/
test_session_roles.py , Python, 29 lines - tests/
test_weighting.py , Python, 30 lines - LICENSE, License, 21 lines
- README.md, Text, 104 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Data
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Data availability statement
Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. BNCI2014_004 is accessible through the MOABB library (Jayaram and Barachant, 2018), and Stieger2021 is available as described by (Stieger et al. 2021). The software associated with this study is publicly available on GitHub, including the MSDA-Bench benchmark dashboard (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 2 authors, 7 keywords, 38 references.
Cite
This paper
Shen, Y., & Degras, D. (2026). A confidence-gated source selection strategy for cross-session transfer in brain-computer interfaces. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 20, 1895016. https://
BibTeX
@article{shen2026confide
author = {Shen, Yiming and Degras, David},
title = {{A confidence-gated source selection strategy for cross-session transfer in brain-computer interfaces}},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {20},
pages = {1895016},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
issn = {1662-5161},
doi = {10.3389/
url = {https://
pmid = {42729429},
pmcid = {PMC13562021}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Shen, Yiming
AU - Degras, David
TI - A confidence-gated source selection strategy for cross-session transfer in brain-computer interfaces
T2 - Frontiers in human neuroscience
J2 - Front Hum Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 20
SP - 1895016
SN - 1662-5161
PB - Frontiers Media SA
DO - 10.3389/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.3389/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "A confidence-gated source selection strategy for cross-session transfer in brain-computer interfaces",
"container-title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience",
"author": [
{
"family": "Shen",
"given": "Yiming"
},
{
"family": "Degras",
"given": "David"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "20",
"page": "1895016",
"DOI": "10.3389/
"PMID": "42729429",
"PMCID": "PMC13562021",
"ISSN": "1662-5161",
"publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
28
]
]
}
}
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