From Cellular Lysis to Microbial Explosion: Elucidating the Temporal Degradation and Spoilage Mechanisms of Frozen Mysid Shrimp as Seahorse (<i>Hippocampus</i> spp.) Feed.
Overview
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.W.); (C.W.); (S.L.)
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; (A.X.); (S.Q.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.)
Abstract
Frozen mysid shrimp is the core feed for commercial seahorse aquaculture, yet quality deterioration caused by long-term cold storage severely constrains the survival and reproductive performance of seahorses. By integrating targeted metabolomics, physicochemical spoilage indicators, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, this study multidimensionally analyzed the stage-specific mechanisms of nutritional degradation and microecological deterioration of mysid feed at −20 °C under fresh (0 months), short-term frozen (2 months), and long-term frozen (10 months) conditions. The results demonstrate that short-term storage (2 months) effectively suppresses microbial-induced spoilage of mysids; however, freeze–thaw stress triggers cellular lysis, leading to a significant depletion of key water-soluble feeding-attractant amino acids, notably glycine and aspartate. In contrast, long-term frozen storage (10 months) induces severe lipid peroxidation and a massive accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). Microbiome analysis confirmed that the fundamental trigger for feed deterioration during the late storage stage is the explosive community succession of psychrotrophic specific spoilage organisms (SSOs), with Shewanella, Photobacterium, and Pseudoalteromonas emerging as the absolute dominant taxa. The highly active extracellular lipases and proteases secreted by these microbial communities extensively degrade the structural lipids of the feed, ultimately resulting in a paradoxical rebound in free fatty acid content during long-term storage. In summary, our research comprehensively details how freezing compromises diet quality through specific biological and chemical pathways. This establishes essential scientific groundwork aimed at refining commercial preservation techniques, executing precise dietary enrichments, and ultimately securing long-term viability across the captive Hippocampus breeding sector.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
Datasets cited
- bioproject:PRJNA1475597, at NCBI BioProject; found in “Data Availability Statement”
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this study are openly available in NCBI (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 5 keywords, 2 funders, 32 references.
Cite
This paper
Wang, Y., Wu, C., Xu, A., Li, S., Qin, S., Gao, P., Zhu, H., Sui, Y., & Lin, T. (2026). From Cellular Lysis to Microbial Explosion: Elucidating the Temporal Degradation and Spoilage Mechanisms of Frozen Mysid Shrimp as Seahorse (&
BibTeX
@article{wang2026cellula
author = {Wang, Yu and Wu, Chenyin and Xu, Anna and Li, Siping and Qin, Shuo and Gao, Peng and Zhu, Hongyu and Sui, Yanming and Lin, Tingting},
title = {{From Cellular Lysis to Microbial Explosion: Elucidating the Temporal Degradation and Spoilage Mechanisms of Frozen Mysid Shrimp as Seahorse (\&
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {16},
number = {15},
pages = {2325},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
issn = {2076-2615},
doi = {10.3390/
url = {https://
pmid = {42588963},
pmcid = {PMC13463467}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Wang, Yu
AU - Wu, Chenyin
AU - Xu, Anna
AU - Li, Siping
AU - Qin, Shuo
AU - Gao, Peng
AU - Zhu, Hongyu
AU - Sui, Yanming
AU - Lin, Tingting
TI - From Cellular Lysis to Microbial Explosion: Elucidating the Temporal Degradation and Spoilage Mechanisms of Frozen Mysid Shrimp as Seahorse (&
T2 - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
J2 - Animals (Basel)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 16
IS - 15
SP - 2325
SN - 2076-2615
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DO - 10.3390/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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