Camel Milk Alleviates Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms in Mice by Modulating the Small Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammation.

Overview

1. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of camel milk (CM) on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Using a murine model of CFS induced by chronic restraint and forced swimming stress, we administered lyophilized CM (1500 mg/kg/day, equivalent to approximately 121.5 mg/kg/day in humans based on body surface area conversion using the standard allometric scaling formula) orally. CM supplementation was significantly associated with ameliorated fatigue-like behaviors, as evidenced by prolonged swimming endurance and reduced immobility time. Metagenomic analysis revealed that CM was associated with reshaping of the small intestinal microbiota, including enrichment of beneficial Lactococcus lactis and suppression of pathobionts (H. hepaticus and H. typhlonius). These microbial shifts correlated with increased luminal lactic acid, improved intestinal barrier integrity (increased villus height, reduced crypt depth), and attenuated local inflammation (reduced TNF-α and IL-6, elevated IL-10). Consequently, CM was associated with reduced bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation, and normalization of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. We conclude that CM is associated with prevention of CFS-like symptoms through modulation of the gut ecosystem and strengthening of the intestinal barrier, potentially breaking the vicious cycle of gut inflammation and HPA axis dysfunction, although causality remains to be established through fecal microbiota transplantation or similar mechanistic studies.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• bioproject:PRJNA1433199, at NCBI BioProject; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request. The raw metagenomic sequencing reads have been submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject PRJNA1433199 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1433199, accessed on 6 May 2026). The raw Metabolomics datasets have been deposited in the NGDC OMIX repository under the accession number OMIX016357 (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/omix/release/OMIX016357 (accessed on 19 April 2026)).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 6 keywords, 1 funder, 57 references.

Cite

This paper

Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Wang, F., Li, H., Zheng, N., Chen, H., & Zhao, Y. (2026). Camel Milk Alleviates Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms in Mice by Modulating the Small Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammation. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 15(14), 2451. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15142451

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