Current Perspectives on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis of Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis, and Emerging Therapeutics.

Overview

Authors: Yujia Lin¹, Panpan Lu¹, Qiang Ding¹, Mei Liu¹

ORCID iDs: Mei Liu

Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.L.); (P.L.); (Q.D.)

Institutions: Tongji Hospital (China); Huazhong University of Science and Technology (China)

Journal: Biomedicines, volume 14, issue 4, article 859

Dates: received 1 March 2026; accepted 30 March 2026; published online 9 April 2026

Type: Review · Language: English

License: CC BY

Identifiers: DOI 10.3390/biomedicines14040859 · PMID 42072400 · PMCID PMC13113641 · OpenAlex W7152594556

Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)

Status: code on request

Categories: clinical / translational (subfield)

Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, gut microbiota, pathogenesis, gut–brain axis, microbiota-targeted therapy

Topic: Gut microbiota and health (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex

Citations: cited by 3 papers (Europe PMC); 301 references in the paper

Abstract

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by an interplay among intestinal dysbiosis and aberrant mucosal immune responses. This review centers on the microbiota as a pivotal pathogenic hub, systematically dissecting how three hallmark features of dysbiosis—reduced microbial alpha diversity, depletion of immunomodulatory commensals, and expansion of pro-inflammatory pathobionts—collectively compromise epithelial barrier function, promote bacterial translocation, and sustain chronic mucosal inflammation. We further integrate emerging evidence implicating bidirectional gut-brain axis communication in amplifying both peripheral inflammation and central nervous system (CNS)-mediated behavioral comorbidities. Building on this mechanistic framework, we critically evaluate next-generation microbiota-targeted interventions: standardized fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), rationally designed live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), precision phage cocktails targeting defined pathobionts, and microbiome-informed dietary strategies. Collectively, these approaches represent a paradigm shift—from broad-spectrum immunosuppression toward mechanism-guided, ecosystem-level modulation—thereby advancing the goal of precision medicine in IBD.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

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Data Availability Statement

All raw data and code are available upon request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 5 keywords, 297 references.

Cite

This paper

Lin, Y., Lu, P., Ding, Q., & Liu, M. (2026). Current Perspectives on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis of Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis, and Emerging Therapeutics. Biomedicines, 14(4), 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040859

BibTeX

@article{lin2026current, author = {Lin, Yujia and Lu, Panpan and Ding, Qiang and Liu, Mei}, title = {{Current Perspectives on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis of Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis, and Emerging Therapeutics}}, journal = {Biomedicines}, year = {2026}, month = apr, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {859}, publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)}, issn = {2227-9059}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14040859}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040859}, pmid = {42072400}, pmcid = {PMC13113641} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Lin, Yujia AU - Lu, Panpan AU - Ding, Qiang AU - Liu, Mei TI - Current Perspectives on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis of Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis, and Emerging Therapeutics T2 - Biomedicines J2 - Biomedicines PY - 2026 DA - 2026/04/09 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 859 SN - 2227-9059 PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) DO - 10.3390/biomedicines14040859 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040859 LA - en ER -

CSL-JSON

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