ARS-GS: Anisotropic Reflective Spherical 3D Gaussian Splatting.

Overview

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.S.); (Z.C.); (Y.H.)

Abstract

3D scene reconstruction serves as a fundamental technology with widespread applications in virtual reality, structural inspection, and robotic systems. While recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting have significantly enhanced scene reconstruction capabilities, the performance of such methods remains suboptimal when applied to highly reflective environments. To overcome this limitation, we introduce ARS-GS, a novel framework that integrates Anisotropic Spherical Gaussian reflection modeling and spherical harmonics diffuse approximation into a physically based rendering pipeline. This architecture incorporates a skip connection between the Anisotropic Spherical Gaussian module and the Gaussian primitives, effectively preserving surface details while maintaining computational efficiency. Comprehensive experimental evaluations validate the efficacy of ARS-GS across multiple datasets. Specifically, our method establishes new state-of-the-art quantitative benchmarks, achieving a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 38.30 and a structural similarity index measure of 0.997 on the neural radiance fields synthetic dataset, alongside a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 46.31 on the Gloss Blender dataset. Furthermore, on the challenging reflective neural radiance fields real-world dataset, our approach secures the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio scores, highlighted by a metric of 26.26 on the Sedan scene. The proposed method also substantially reduces perceptual errors, yielding a learned perceptual image patch similarity as low as 0.204, thereby consistently outperforming existing techniques in the reconstruction of highly specular surfaces with superior geometric fidelity.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data Availability Statement

The raw data and code supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 4 keywords, 1 funder, 14 references.

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This paper

Wu, C., Shi, X., Chu, Z., & Huang, Y. (2026). ARS-GS: Anisotropic Reflective Spherical 3D Gaussian Splatting. Journal of imaging, 12(4), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12040170

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