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Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

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Paper

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The authors' code

Python · 175 lines · 7.5 KB · no license

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Overview

Authors: Xuebin Wang1,2,3, Hanzhang Liu1,2,3, Wenjing Yang4, Jingxuan Yang5, Xuehong Sun5, Qiuhan Liu4, Ying Zhu4, Yinghao Sun1,2,3, Chunxiuzi Liu1,2,3, Guiyuan Shi1,2, Qiang Liu6, Ke Zhang1,2, Zengru Di1,2, Wenxing Yang4, He Liu1,2
ORCID iDs: Xuebin Wang, Qiang Liu, He Liu
  1. Department of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
  2. International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
  3. School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
  4. Huitong College, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
  5. Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
  6. Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Institutions: Beijing Normal University (China); Sichuan University (China); West China Medical Center of Sichuan University (China); City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR China)
Journal: eLife, volume 14, article RP102309
Dates: published online 20 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.7554/elife.102309 · PMID 42007675 · PMCID PMC13095209 · OpenAlex W4407995848
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: C. elegans (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Evoked potentials, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: C. elegans
MeSH: Caenorhabditis elegans*, Nerve Net*, Sexual Behavior, Animal*, Animals, Male, Neurons (* major topic)
Topic: Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms (Aging, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271178, 32371079, 32000720)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 89 references in the paper

Abstract

Neural network architecture determines its functional output. However, the detailed mechanisms are not well characterized. In this study, we focused on the neural network architectures of male and hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans and the association with sexually dimorphic behaviors. We applied graph theory and computational neuroscience methods to systematically discern the features of these two neural networks. Our findings revealed that a small percentage of sexual-specific neurons exerted dominance throughout the entire male neural network, suggesting males prioritized sexual-related behavior outputs. Based on the structural and dynamical characteristics of two complete neural networks, sub-networks containing sex-specific neurons and their immediate neighbors, or sub-networks exclusively comprising sex-shared neurons, we predicted dimorphic behavioral outcomes for males and hermaphrodites. To verify the prediction, we performed behavioral and calcium imaging experiments and dissected a circuit that is specific for the increased spontaneous local search in males for mate-searching. Our research sheds light on the neural circuits that underlie sexually dimorphic behaviors in C. elegans and provides significant insights into the interconnected relationship between network architecture and functional outcomes at the whole-brain level.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

supp:PMC13095209/elife-102309-code1.zip

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 29 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: Python (1)
Size: 1 file, 1 script
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: the supplementary material
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file, to read at the source

This repository has no license: its authors keep all rights. Read it at the source.

At the source: pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13095209.1/elife-102309-code1.zip

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Information files.

The following previously published dataset was used:

Cook SJ, Jarrell TA, Brittin CA, Wang Y, Bloniarz AE, Yakovlev MA, Nguyen KCQ, Tang LTH, Bayer EA, Duerr JS, Büow HZ, Hobert O, Hall DH, Emmons SW. 2019. Adult hermaphrodite and adult male Data. WormWiring. emmonslab

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 15 authors, 1 keyword, 6 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 89 references.

Cite

This paper

Wang, X., Liu, H., Yang, W., Yang, J., Sun, X., Liu, Q., Zhu, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, C., Shi, G., Liu, Q., Zhang, K., Di, Z., Yang, W., & Liu, H. (2026). Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. eLife, 14, RP102309. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.102309

BibTeX

@article{wang2026dimorphic,
author = {Wang, Xuebin and Liu, Hanzhang and Yang, Wenjing and Yang, Jingxuan and Sun, Xuehong and Liu, Qiuhan and Zhu, Ying and Sun, Yinghao and Liu, Chunxiuzi and Shi, Guiyuan and Liu, Qiang and Zhang, Ke and Di, Zengru and Yang, Wenxing and Liu, He},
title = {{Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male \<i\>Caenorhabditis elegans\</i\>}},
journal = {eLife},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {14},
pages = {RP102309},
publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},
issn = {2050-084X},
doi = {10.7554/elife.102309},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.102309},
pmid = {42007675},
pmcid = {PMC13095209}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Wang, Xuebin
AU - Liu, Hanzhang
AU - Yang, Wenjing
AU - Yang, Jingxuan
AU - Sun, Xuehong
AU - Liu, Qiuhan
AU - Zhu, Ying
AU - Sun, Yinghao
AU - Liu, Chunxiuzi
AU - Shi, Guiyuan
AU - Liu, Qiang
AU - Zhang, Ke
AU - Di, Zengru
AU - Yang, Wenxing
AU - Liu, He
TI - Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
T2 - eLife
J2 - eLife
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/20
VL - 14
SP - RP102309
SN - 2050-084X
PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
DO - 10.7554/elife.102309
UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.102309
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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