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Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in the frontal cortex.

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  1. [1] § Materials and methods › Stimuli and tasks › Choice task ↔ Experiment Code/evAcc_prepEyelink.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.51 · eye tracker, Eyelink, calibrated, tracked

Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 112 lines · 4.2 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. function setup=evAcc_prepEyelink(setup,doWhat)
  3. switch doWhat
  4. case 'start'
  5. setup.el = EyelinkInitDefaults(setup.w);
  7. %Name the edf file
  8. setup.edfFileName =num2str(setup.subjID);
  10. % Initialization of the connection with the Eyelink Gazetracker.
  11. % exit program if this fails.
  12. if ~EyelinkInit() % Initializes Eyelink and Ethernet system. Returns: 0 if OK, -1 if error
  13. error('could not init connection to Eyelink')
  14. end;
  15. Eyelink('message','running evAcc_startup');
  17. % check the software version
  18. [v , vs] = Eyelink('GetTrackerVersion');
  19. %fprintf('Running experiment on a ''%s'' tracker.\n', vs);
  21. % eye_used = el.LEFT_EYE;
  22. % eye_used = Eyelink('EyeAvailable'); % get eye that's tracked
  23. % if eye_used == el.BINOCULAR; % if both eyes are tracked
  24. % eye_used = el.LEFT_EYE; % use left eye
  25. % end
  27. % open file to record data to
  28. status = Eyelink('openfile', setup.edfFileName);
  29. % open EDF file (auto recording? what's the results of this?)
  30. if status~=0
  31. fprintf('Cannot create EDF file ''%s'' ', setup.edfFileName);
  32. Eyelink('Shutdown');
  33. Screen('CloseAll');
  34. return;
  35. end
  38. % SET UP TRACKER CONFIGURATION
  39. % Setting the proper recording resolution, proper calibration type,
  40. % as well as the data file content;
  41. Eyelink('command', 'screen_pixel_coords = %ld %ld %ld %ld', 0, 0, setup.wRect(3)-1, setup.wRect(4)-1);
  42. Eyelink('message', 'DISPLAY_COORDS %ld %ld %ld %ld', 0, 0, setup.wRect(3)-1, setup.wRect(4)-1);
  43. % set calibration type.
  44. Eyelink('command', 'calibration_type = HV9');
  46. % set EDF file contents using the file_sample_data and
  47. % file-event_filter commands
  48. % set link data thtough link_sample_data and link_event_filter
  49. Eyelink('command', 'file_event_filter = LEFT,RIGHT,FIXATION,SACCADE,BLINK,MESSAGE,BUTTON,INPUT');
  50. Eyelink('command', 'link_event_filter = LEFT,RIGHT,FIXATION,SACCADE,BLINK,MESSAGE,BUTTON,INPUT');
  52. % add "HTARGET" to record possible target data for EyeLink Remote
  53. if sscanf(vs(12:end),'%f') >=4
  54. Eyelink('command', 'file_sample_data = LEFT,RIGHT,GAZE,HREF,AREA,HTARGET,GAZERES,STATUS,INPUT');
  55. Eyelink('command', 'link_sample_data = LEFT,RIGHT,GAZE,GAZERES,AREA,HTARGET,STATUS,INPUT');
  56. else
  57. Eyelink('command', 'file_sample_data = LEFT,RIGHT,GAZE,HREF,AREA,GAZERES,STATUS,INPUT');
  58. Eyelink('command', 'link_sample_data = LEFT,RIGHT,GAZE,GAZERES,AREA,STATUS,INPUT');
  59. end
  63. % Calibrate the eye tracker
  64. setup.el = EyelinkInitDefaults(setup.w);
  66. % setup the proper calibration foreground and background colors
  67. setup.el.backgroundcolour = setup.c.black;
  68. setup.el.foregroundcolour = setup.c.white;
  69. setup.el.msgfontcolour = setup.c.white;
  70. setup.el.calibrationtargetcolour = setup.c.white;
  72. % parameters are in frequency, volume, and duration
  73. % set the second value in each line to 0 to turn off the sound
  74. setup.el.cal_target_beep=[600 0 0.05];
  75. setup.el.drift_correction_target_beep=[600 0 0.05];
  76. setup.el.calibration_failed_beep=[400 0 0.25];
  77. setup.el.calibration_success_beep=[800 0 0.25];
  78. setup.el.drift_correction_failed_beep=[400 0 0.25];
  79. setup.el.drift_correction_success_beep=[800 0 0.25];
  81. % you must call this function to apply the changes from above
  82. EyelinkUpdateDefaults(setup.el);
  83. Eyelink('message','eyelink defaults updated');
  88. Eyelink('message','running calibration')
  89. EyelinkDoTrackerSetup(setup.el);
  90. setup.eye_used = Eyelink('eyeavailable');
  100. case 'stop'
  101. Eyelink('message','close and save file');
  102. Eyelink('CloseFile');
  103. Eyelink('ReceiveFile',setup.edfFileName,setup.folder.results ,1);
  104. Eyelink('ShutDown');
  106. end
  112. end

evAcc_prepEyelink.m, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Blair RK Shevlin1,2, Rachael Gwinn2, Aidan Makwana2, Ian Krajbich2,3,4
ORCID iDs: Blair RK Shevlin, Ian Krajbich
  1. Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York United States
  2. Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University Columbus United States
  3. Department of Economics, The Ohio State University Columbus United States
  4. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles United States
Institutions: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (United States); The Ohio State University (United States); University of California, Los Angeles (United States)
Journal: eLife, volume 14, article RP103846
Dates: published online 19 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.7554/elife.103846 · PMID 42616817 · PMCID PMC13489626 · OpenAlex W4409730546
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: decision-making, drift diffusion model, economic, eye movements, value-based, visual attention, Human
MeSH: Attention*, Decision Making*, Frontal Lobe*, Visual Perception*, Adult, Eye-Tracking Technology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Neuroscience
Topic: Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 116 references in the paper

Abstract

When indicating a preference between two options, decision makers are thought to compare and accumulate evidence in an attention-guided process. Little is known about this process’s neural substrates or how visual attention affects the representations of accumulated evidence. We conducted a simultaneous eye-tracking and fMRI experiment in which human subjects gradually learnt about the value of two food-lotteries. With this design, we were able to extend decisions over a prolonged time-course, manipulate the temporal onset of evidence, and therefore, dissociate sampled and accumulated evidence. We observed inconsistent correlations of both sampled and accumulated evidence with activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the ventral striatum, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and more consistent correlations of accumulated evidence with activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). We also found that more gaze on an option increased its choice probability and that gaze consistently amplified accumulated-value signals above and beyond the non-gaze-modulated signals in the pre-SMA and partially in the dlPFC, providing novel evidence that visual attention has lasting effects on decision variables and suggesting that activity in the pre-SMA and dlPFC reflects gaze-weighted accumulated evidence. These results shed new light on the neural mechanisms underlying gaze-driven decision processes.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

OSF eyxvb

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: MATLAB (33), R (2)
Size: 137 files, 35 scripts
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: 1 notebook
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: SPM (14 files), Psychtoolbox (7 files), Parallel Computing Toolbox (2 files), Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (2 files), broom (1 file), FSL (1 file), ggplot2 (1 file), ggpubr (1 file), lme4 (1 file), lmerTest (1 file), tidyverse (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
35 files
At the source: osf.io/eyxvb/

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 35 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

Experiment and analysis code as well as Behavioral and eye-tracking data are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/eyxvb/. fMRI data is available on Open Neuro: doi: https://doi.org/10.18112/openneuro.ds007305.v1.0.0.

The following datasets were generated:

ShevlinB GwinnR MakwanaA KrajbichI 2026Behavioral data from: Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortexOpen Science Frameworkeyxvb10.7554/eLife.103846PMC1348962642616817

ShevlinB GwinnR MakwanaA KrajbichI 2026fMRI data from: Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortexOpenNeuro10.18112/openneuro.ds007305.v1.0.0PMC1348962642616817

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 4 authors, 7 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 115 references.

Cite

This paper

Shevlin, B. R., Gwinn, R., Makwana, A., & Krajbich, I. (2026). Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in the frontal cortex. eLife, 14, RP103846. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.103846

BibTeX

@article{shevlin2026overt,
author = {Shevlin, Blair RK and Gwinn, Rachael and Makwana, Aidan and Krajbich, Ian},
title = {{Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in the frontal cortex}},
journal = {eLife},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {14},
pages = {RP103846},
publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},
issn = {2050-084X},
doi = {10.7554/elife.103846},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.103846},
pmid = {42616817},
pmcid = {PMC13489626}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Shevlin, Blair RK
AU - Gwinn, Rachael
AU - Makwana, Aidan
AU - Krajbich, Ian
TI - Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in the frontal cortex
T2 - eLife
J2 - Elife
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/19
VL - 14
SP - RP103846
SN - 2050-084X
PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
DO - 10.7554/elife.103846
UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.103846
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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