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Comprehensive RNA velocity by modeling the cascade of gene regulation, transcription, and splicing from single-cell RNA sequencing data with TSvelo.

Code ↔ Paper

8 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 8 matches
  1. [1] § Results › TSvelo can model 3D gene dynamics and predict cell fate on pancreas dataset ↔ FIG8_paper.r, lines 41–130 · score 0.68 · Ngn3 low EP, Ngn3 high EP, Ductal, Beta, pancreas, Alpha
  2. [2] § Methods › Lineages segmentation and pseudotime initialization ↔ TSvelo/TSvelo_branch.py, lines 27–47 · score 0.62 · PAGA graph, detect lineages, shortest, Edges, cluster
  3. [3] § Results › TSvelo can capture gene dynamics well and predict cell fate on mouse brain data ↔ TSvelo/TSvelo_pp.py, lines 16–50 · score 0.59 · Radial Glia, mouse brain, IPCs, RNA
  4. [4] § Results › Estimate RNA velocity with TSVelo ↔ functions.R, lines 753–786 · score 0.59 · analytical solutions, degradation rate, splicing rate, transcription rate, trajectory, ODE
  5. [5] § Methods › Preprocessing for scRNA-seq data ↔ dataSimulationScVelo.r, lines 43–107 · score 0.58 · highly variable genes, variance, scVelo, seq, clustering, cell
  6. [6] § Methods › Optimizing global time and Neural ODE in EM framework ↔ TSvelo_run.py, lines 37–77 · score 0.58 · ChEA, Neural ODE, ENCODE, databases, TF, trained
  7. [7] § Results › TSvelo can predict cell fate and model lineage-specific gene dynamics for multi-lineage tasks ↔ functions.R, lines 944–985 · score 0.54 · degradation rates, splicing rates, scVelo, transcriptional rates, trajectory, branches
  8. [8] § Methods › Optimizing global time and Neural ODE in EM framework ↔ TSvelo/TSvelo_model.py, lines 127–187 · score 0.53 · Adam, gradient, trained, optimizer, loss, zero

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

R · 1,298 lines · 58 KB · no license · 2 matches

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It can be read at the source: functions.R.

Overview

Authors: Jiachen Li1, Zhe Wang1, Hong-Bin Shen2, Ye Yuan1,2
ORCID iDs: Jiachen Li, Ye Yuan
  1. State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
  2. Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China Shanghai China
Journal: eLife, volume 14, article RP108950
Dates: published online 15 September 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.7554/elife.108950 · PMID 42742132 · PMCID PMC13577664 · OpenAlex W4416668627
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: genetics / omics (modality), mouse (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Connectivity
Keywords: RNA velocity, cell trajectory, scRNA-seq analysis, Mouse
MeSH: Gene Expression Regulation*, RNA*, RNA Splicing*, Sequence Analysis, RNA*, Single-Cell Analysis*, Transcription, Genetic*, Animals, Mice, Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Computational and Systems Biology
Topic: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF1204500); National Natural Science Foundation of China (62503452)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 64 references in the paper

Abstract

RNA velocity approaches fit gene dynamics and infer cell fate by modeling the splicing process using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, due to the short time scale of splicing, high noise, and large complexity of data, existing RNA velocity methods often fail to precisely capture the complex velocity dynamics for individual genes and single cells, which makes their downstream analysis less reliable and less robust. We propose TSvelo, a comprehensive RNA velocity mathematics framework that can model the cascade of gene regulation, Transcription and Splicing using highly interpretable neural ordinary differential equations. TSvelo can precisely capture the transcription–unspliced–spliced 3D dynamics of all genes simultaneously, infer unified latent time shared by genes within a single cell, and be applied to multi-lineage datasets. Experiments on six scRNA-seq datasets, including two multi-lineage datasets, demonstrate TSvelo’s superiority.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 8 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

lijc0804/TSvelo

License: MIT
State: the link answers, verified on 26 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 6e0ab8264e02aa511576278219fd7c1c65efec80, 8 September 2026
Languages: Python (7), Jupyter (2)
Size: 15 files, 9 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Code availability statement”
Holds: README, license file, 2 notebooks
Not found: CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: anndata (9 files), Matplotlib (9 files), NumPy (9 files), pandas (9 files), Scanpy (9 files), scVelo (4 files), SciPy (3 files), NetworkX (1 file), PyTorch (1 file), seaborn (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers
  • 26 September 2026: the link answers
11 files

elenasabbioni/bayvel_notebooks

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 26 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 73b6f0b05eaeddad1d155d1b1dce7b8f1aa88a4f, 26 October 2025
Languages: R (21), Jupyter (3), Julia (1)
Size: 144 files, 25 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README, environment (Manifest.toml, Project.toml), 3 notebooks
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: ggplot2 (9 files), data.table (5 files), NumPy (3 files), pandas (3 files), Scanpy (3 files), SciPy (3 files), scVelo (3 files), anndata (1 file), cowplot (1 file), Distributions.jl (1 file), Matplotlib (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers
  • 26 September 2026: the link answers
26 files, not copied: shown from their source

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Code availability statement

TSvelo is implemented in Python. The source code can be downloaded from the GitHub repository, https://github.com/lijc0804/TSvelo (copy archived at Li, 2026).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 34 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 8 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

The pancreatic endocrinogenesis dataset comprises the single-cell RNA-seq (10X) data of pancreatic epithelial and Ngn3-Venus fusion cells sampled from mouse embryonic day 15.5, which could be loaded using scVelo's package scvelo.datasets.pancreas(). The gastrulation erythroid dataset, which is selected from the transcriptional profiles of mouse embryos39, which could be loaded using scVelo's package scvelo.datasets.pancreas(). 10x embryonic mouse brain dataset is provided at the 10x website at https://www.10xgenomics.com/resources/datasets/fresh-embryonic-e-18-mouse-brain-5-k-1-standard-1-0-0. The data preprocessed by Multivelo is utilized in this study, (https://multivelo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/MultiVelo_Fig2.html). The dentate gyrus neurogenesis data is available at http://pklab.med.harvard.edu/velocyto/DentateGyrus/DentateGyrus.loom. The LARRY dataset has been shared by pyrovelocity, which could be accessed at https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/larry_invitro_adata_sub_raw_h5ad/20780344. The raw data of Hindbrain (pons) of adolescent mice is from https://pklab.med.harvard.edu/ruslan/velocity/oligos/. The ENCODE TF-target database website: https://maayanlab.cloud/Harmonizome/dataset/ENCODE+Transcription+Factor+Targets. The ChEA TF–target database website: https://maayanlab.cloud/Harmonizome/dataset/CHEA+Transcription+Factor+Targets. The results of BayVel on the pancreas dataset are downloaded from its GitHub page at https://github.com/elenasabbioni/BayVel_notebooks/tree/main/real%20data/Pancreas/moments/output (https://github.com/elenasabbioni/BayVel_notebooks/tree/main/real data/Pancreas/moments/output) (Sabbioni, 2025).

The following previously published datasets were used:

QinQ 2022larry_invitro_adata_sub_raw.h5adfigshare10.6084/m9.figshare.20780344

TritschlerS 2019Comprehensive single cell mRNA profiling reveals a detailed roadmap for pancreatic endocrinogenesisNCBI Gene Expression OmnibusGSE13218810.1242/dev.17384931160421

Pijuan-SalaB GriffithsJ 2018Timecourse single-cell RNAseq of whole mouse embryos harvested between days 6.5 and 8.5 of developmentArrayExpressE-MTAB-6967

10x Genomics 2020Fresh Embryonic E18 Mouse Brain (5k)10x Genomicsfresh-embryonic-e-18-mouse-brain-5-k-1-standard-1-0-0

LinnarssonS 2016RNA-seq analysis of single cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage from nine distinct regions of the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse juvenile central nervous systemNCBI Gene Expression OmnibusGSE75330

WeinrebC Rodriguez-FraticelliA CamargoF KleinAM 2019Lineage tracing on transcriptional landscapes links state to fate during differentiationNCBI Gene Expression OmnibusGSE14080210.1126/science.aaw3381PMC760807431974159

HochgernerH ZeiselA LönnerbergP LinnarssonS 2017Transcriptome analysis of single cells from the mouse dentate gyrusNCBI Gene Expression OmnibusGSE95753

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 4 authors, 4 keywords, 9 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 60 references.

Cite

This paper

Li, J., Wang, Z., Shen, H.-B., & Yuan, Y. (2026). Comprehensive RNA velocity by modeling the cascade of gene regulation, transcription, and splicing from single-cell RNA sequencing data with TSvelo. eLife, 14, RP108950. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.108950

BibTeX

@article{li2026comprehensive,
author = {Li, Jiachen and Wang, Zhe and Shen, Hong-Bin and Yuan, Ye},
title = {{Comprehensive RNA velocity by modeling the cascade of gene regulation, transcription, and splicing from single-cell RNA sequencing data with TSvelo}},
journal = {eLife},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
volume = {14},
pages = {RP108950},
publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},
issn = {2050-084X},
doi = {10.7554/elife.108950},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.108950},
pmid = {42742132},
pmcid = {PMC13577664}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Jiachen
AU - Wang, Zhe
AU - Shen, Hong-Bin
AU - Yuan, Ye
TI - Comprehensive RNA velocity by modeling the cascade of gene regulation, transcription, and splicing from single-cell RNA sequencing data with TSvelo
T2 - eLife
J2 - Elife
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
VL - 14
SP - RP108950
SN - 2050-084X
PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
DO - 10.7554/elife.108950
UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.108950
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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