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Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Co-evolution.

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Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Text · 58 lines · 2.8 KB · CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

  1. ================================================================================
  2. SOHAI-Chess (Simulation of Human-AI Interaction in Complex Health Services)
  3. Version 1.0.3
  4. ================================================================================
  6. OVERVIEW
  7. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. SOHAI-Chess is software that simulates human-AI interaction in complex health services. It is a standalone, browser-based Agent-Based Model (ABM). The manuscript 'Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Co-evolution' (and the arXiv preprint) cite this software.
  11. PACKAGE CONTENTS
  12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13. SOHAI-Chess_v1.0.3.html --> The complete application (a single .html file)
  14. README.txt --> This file
  17. CHANGES IN VERSION 1.0.3
  18. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  19. Monte Carlo references updated and an additional reference added.
  20. Regime and outcome terms standardised to Title Case.
  21. All references re-numbered sequentially by order of first appearance.
  22. Framework & Methods tab button renamed as Framework and Methods.
  23. Live Simulation tab:
  24. - Introductory paragraph added.
  25. - MONTE CARLO (MC) · 40 REPLICATES section: Wording and letter spacing refined.
  26. - Metrics rows fixed to single lines.
  27. Cross-AI Matrix tab: Introduction rewritten; captions now explain how each model's metric is computed.
  30. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
  31. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  32. - A modern web browser (e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Safari, current or
  33. near-current version)
  34. - An active internet connection
  36. An internet connection is required every time this file is run. On
  37. loading, the page retrieves its typefaces from Google Fonts and its
  38. application logic from a hosted script. If no internet connection is
  39. available, the page will not load or run correctly.
  41. No installation, compilation, or additional software is required.
  44. HOW TO RUN
  45. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  46. 1. Extract this ZIP folder to a location on your computer.
  47. 2. Ensure your device is connected to the internet.
  48. 3. Double-click SOHAI-Chess_v1.0.3.html.
  49. 4. The simulation will open and run in your default web browser.
  51. No account, login, or configuration is required.
  54. LICENSE
  55. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  56. This software is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
  57. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

README.txt, under CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Nandini Doreswamy1,2, Louise Horstmanshof1
  1. Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, AUS
  2. Independent Scholar, National Coalition of Independent Scholars, Canberra, AUS
Institutions: National Coalition of Independent Scholars; Southern Cross University (Australia)
Journal: Cureus, volume 18, issue 8, article e114096
Dates: accepted 28 July 2026; published online 6 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.7759/cureus.114096 · PMID 42703540 · PMCID PMC13546616 · OpenAlex W4415329577
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Preprint: arxiv:2505.16388
Status: code verified
Categories: computational modeling (no new data) (modality), human (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Keywords: computational simulation of human-ai interaction, evolutionary game theory, human-ai interaction models, human and ai co-evolution, human and ai decision-making, human and ai evolution
Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Games (Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science), according to OpenAlex
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 109 references in the paper

Abstract

The serious games between humans and AI have only just begun. Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) models the competitive and cooperative strategies of biological entities. EGT could help predict the potential evolutionary equilibrium of humans and AI. The objective of this work was to examine EGT models relevant to human-AI interaction, evolution, and co-evolution. Of the 13 EGT models considered, three were examined: the Hawk-Dove (HD) Game, the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD), and the War of Attrition (WOA). The rationale for this selection is that these three models represent canonical archetypes of EGT and are relevant to basic human-AI interaction. The HD Game predicts balanced mixed-strategy equilibria based on the costs of conflict. The IPD suggests that repeated interaction may lead to cognitive co-evolution. The WOA suggests that competition for resources may result in strategic co-evolution, asymmetric equilibria, and conventions on sharing resources. Each model was examined from the perspective of human and AI decision-making, from psychological and biological perspectives, and from an AI viewpoint. AI is being shaped by human input and is evolving in response to it. So too, neuroplasticity allows the human brain to evolve in response to stimuli. If humans and AI converge in the future, what might be the result of human neuroplasticity combined with an ever-evolving AI? There are profound ethical and cognitive implications. EGT may provide a suitable framework to understand and predict human-AI interaction, evolution, and co-evolution. However, future research should extend beyond EGT and explore additional frameworks, empirical validation methods, and interdisciplinary perspectives. In the spirit of further exploration, an illustrative computational simulation is provided.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

Zenodo 21428706

License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 1 file
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: the references
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
At the source: zenodo.org/records/21428706

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 2 authors, 6 keywords, 48 references.

Cite

This paper

Doreswamy, N., & Horstmanshof, L. (2026). Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Co-evolution. Cureus, 18(8), e114096. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114096

BibTeX

@article{doreswamy2026serious,
author = {Doreswamy, Nandini and Horstmanshof, Louise},
title = {{Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Co-evolution}},
journal = {Cureus},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {e114096},
publisher = {Cureus Inc.},
issn = {2168-8184},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.114096},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114096},
pmid = {42703540},
pmcid = {PMC13546616}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Doreswamy, Nandini
AU - Horstmanshof, Louise
TI - Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Co-evolution
T2 - Cureus
J2 - Cureus
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/06
VL - 18
IS - 8
SP - e114096
SN - 2168-8184
PB - Cureus Inc.
DO - 10.7759/cureus.114096
UR - https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114096
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"volume": "18",
"issue": "8",
"page": "e114096",
"DOI": "10.7759/cureus.114096",
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"PMCID": "PMC13546616",
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"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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